Additio

The carbon atoms of azole rings can be attacked by nucleophilic (Section 4.02.1.6 electrophilic (Section 4.02.1.4) and free radical reagents (Section 4.02.1.8.2). Some system for example the thiazole, imidazole and pyrazole nuclei, show a high degree of aromati character and usually revert to type if the aromatic sextet is involved in a reaction. Othei such as the isoxazole and oxazole nuclei are less aromatic, and hence more prone to additio reactions. 

Coppei-medloted DIoste.e selectlue Coy gate Additio, o. d Allylic Reoa o. s... 

Die Diels-Alder-Addition vcrlangt also die EinstcUung einer be-stimmten Konformation, ohne die die Reaktion nicht ablaufcn kann. Im Gegensatz dazu stehen alle im folgenden zu beschreibenden Additio-nen, bci dcnen nur der Grad der Stereoselcktivitat durch die Konformation bestimmt wird. 

PherioT is sweet and bitter (XVII) as was definitely established despite a strong by-taste. From the charge distribution follows that the hydrogen of the HO-group and the carbon in 2-position, or the hydrogen in 2-position and the oxygen can function as an electrophilic/nucleophilic system (Fig. 17). Additio-... 

The starting material is CgHgOa so A has an extra C7H4O. This looks like the additio" and the loss of HCl. The most obvious reaction is acylation at the phenolic oxyge enolate formation as OH is more acidic than CH. This is a very acidic phenol as the car-helps to stabilize the oxyanion. Compound A is simply the benzoate ester of the phene. with KOH isomerizes A to B and this is the heart of the problem. An intramolecular ac i. only possible enolate can be catalysed by KOH even though it produces only a little cyclization to a six-membered ring is so easy. 

WeVe seen only a few examples of radical reactions because they re 1< common than polar reactions. Those we have studied can be dassified as eith radical addition reactions or radical substitution reactions. Radical additio-such as the benzoyl peroxide-catalyzed polymerization of alkene monome (Review Table 1, reaction Ij), involve the addition of a radical to an unsaturated substrate. The reaction occurs through three kinds of steps, all of whicli involve odd-electron species (1) initiation, (2) propagation, and (3) termination. 

The first experiments showed that an appreciable amount oS sodium cinnamate was transferred to the anodic compartment when the salt was electrolyzed. To avoid this the reduction was carried out in tlu presence of an excess of sodium hydroxide. The best conditions found were as follows Cathode sheet load (area 260 sq. cm.) anode, sheet lead. The cathodic solution was prepared by adding 30 grams of cinnamii acid to a warm solution of 8.1 grams of sodium hydroxide dissolved ir 400 cc. water. The solution was transferred to a porous cup, heated tsodium hydroxide in 100 cc. of warm water was then slowly added. The additio of the excess of alkali caused the precipitation of a part of the sodiuiv-cinnamate. The solution was stirred during the electrolysis until th( suspended matter dissolved. The temperature was kept at about 60° C A current density of 5.7 amperes per sq. dm. was maintained unti 90.7 per cent of the theoretical current had passed it was then reduced to 2.4 amperes per sq. dm. until 9.8 per cent excess had passed. Thi current efficiency therefore was 83 per cent. 

P-Nitro ethers. The Michael additio is strongly dependent on the metal ion. Lii due to competing reactions. Potassium and... 

Monosubstituierte Malonsauren sind in entsprechender Weise alkylierbar564. Carbonsaure-Dianionen gehen mit aktivierten C,C-Doppelbindungen Michael-Additio-nen ein. So erhalt man z. B. aus 1-Nitro-l-alkenen 4-Oxo-alkansauren in Ausbeuten von 37—88%565 ... 

Oidiaal number of steam soak (steam cycle) Number of wells treated again Quantity of steam consum for all of the wells treated, tons Specific consumption of steam per well, toas Quantity of water (sleanr condensate) produced, tons Quantity of additional oil produced, tons Cumulative quantity of additio oil produced, tons Steam /oil factor, tonsi tons Relative additional froducdon of oil per ileam soak, %... 

The "statistical formulation (67.Ill) cannot be applied to unimolecular reactions for which the classical activation energy and the reaction heat are equal (E = Q) without introducing some additio-nal assumptions which are necessary for the definition of the transition state. One usually considers the "activated complex (AB) as a rotating "diatomic molecule in which the centrifugal force is balanced by an attractive dipole-induced dipole or dispersion force /HO/. This "diatomic model implies that the angular momentum... 

Dissertatio de Lapidum Generatione in Macro Microcosmo. Cui accessit additio Exc D. Doct. Joseph Lat oni, 12 , Ferrariae, 1687 (76 pp. and index), also 4°. 

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