Acute toxicity of pesticides

Gaines TB. 1960. The acute toxicity of pesticides to rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2 88-99. 

Gaines TB. 1969. Acute toxicity of pesticides. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 4 515-534. 

Isshiki K, Miyata K, Martsui S, et al. 1983. [Effects of post-harvest fungicides and piperonyl butoxide on the acute toxicity of pesticides in mice. Safety evaluation for intake of food additives. III]. 

Devillers J. A general QSAR model for predicting the acute toxicity of pesticides to Lepomis macrochirus. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2001 11 397-417. 

Natarajan, E., R.S. Biradar, and J.P. George. 1992. Acute toxicity of pesticides to giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man). Jour. Aquacult. Tropics 7 183-188. 

Brown, VK. and Muir, C.M.C. (1971). Some factors affecting the acute toxicity of pesticides to mammals when absorbed through skin and eyes. Int. Pest Control 13 16-21. 

Gaines TB, Linder RE. 1986. Acute toxicity of pesticides in adult and weanling rats. FundamAppl... 

The approach of response addition can be easily applied to simple problems, such as acute toxicity of pesticides. However, more complex effects are not always easy to summate. Experimental animals are usually obtained from inbred strains, while human populations are more heterogeneous. In addition, various effects on different organ systems may occur within different time frames in experimental animals. 

TABLE 2-9 Different Values in Acute Toxicity of Pesticides by Oral and Dermal Routes in Rats... 

Some general models for other endpoints have been developed. Devillers et al. [76] addressed the acute toxicity of pesticides on honey bee, achieving good results with one hundred pesticides. Some studies exist that use classifiers. Pintore et al. [77] developed a model to classify pesticides, in general, with the lethal dose toward rat. Classifiers are more typical in toxicity studies, and genotoxicity in particular. Use of a classifier can be a simpler approach compared to regression models, since the prediction does not need to be as precise when only prediction of a toxicity class (e.g., high, medium, low) is involved,... 

Galne.s, T. B., and Linder, R. E. (1986). Acute toxicity of pesticides in adult and weanling rats. Fundam. Appl. To.xicol. 7, 172-178. 

Macck, K. J. (1975). Acute toxicity of pesticide mixtures to blucgills. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxical 14,648-652. 

Fig.1 A comparison of the acute toxicity of pesticides and their respective transformation...

Honey bees are beneficial arthropods playing a key role in pollinating wild and crop plants. Unfortunately, during their foraging activity they can be exposed to pesticides. The members of the colony can also be poisoned indirectly by contaminated food brought back to the hive by the foragers. The aim of this chapter is to discuss some aspects of the acute toxicity of pesticides to Apis mellifera. 

Laboratory tests offer the most convenient way for rapidly estimating the toxicity of pesticides to honey bees but they do not reflect the reality observed in the fields. Consequently, different methodologies have been developed to estimate the acute toxicity of pesticides to honey bees under more realistic environmental conditions (Chapter 3). Thus, in France, the... 

Acute toxicity of pesticides to bees 59 Type of pesticide and formulation... 

Relative acute toxicity of pesticides to honey bees based on laboratory and field tests... 

Table 7.1 Acute toxicity of pesticides to four non-Apis bee species and honey bees (topical LD50 (jxg/bee))... 

---