Actuation or sensing of beam deformations

Normal Mode Shear Mode extension torsion bending shear warping warping 

The simultaneous consideration of actuation and sensing, as instituted by the developed theory, becomes interesting as soon as a control unit is incorporated into the simulation. Since this would exceed the scope of the work at hand, we will refrain from such additional complexity within the exemplary calculations. Thus, the consequences for the electrical interconnection of layers read  

Remark 10.1. A single group of electrically paralleled laminae is taken into account for the example configuration. 

Due to the reversibility of the piezoelectric effect and the accomplished homogeneous representation of mechanical and electric measures, it is sufficient to prove the reliability of the method for either actuation or sensing in 

With regard to the above discussions and with the integral blade actuation for the helicopter application in mind, as illustrated in Section 2.5, the example configuration schemes will be focused as follows  

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Table 10.1. Actuation or sensing of beam deformations by virtue of strain modes and electroding sectors of the wall.

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