Actively caring intervention responsibility

Most patients tend to respond in a positive way to any therapeutic intervention by interested, caring, and enthusiastic medical personnel. The manifestation of this phenomenon in the subject is the placebo response (Latin, "I shall please") and may involve objective physiologic and biochemical changes as well as changes in subjective complaints associated with the disease. The placebo response is usually quantitated by administration of an inert material, with exactly the same physical appearance, odor, consistency, etc, as the active dosage form. The magnitude of the response varies considerably from patient to patient and may also be influenced by the duration of the study. Placebo adverse effects and "toxicity" also occur but usually involve subjective effects stomach upset, insomnia, sedation, and so on. 

Regardless of which antibiotic is selected, careful attention to predetermined outcome measures should be monitored closely in each patient to determine the success or failure of the therapeutic intervention. Oral antibiotics with broader antibacterial spectra (e.g., cefixime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, fluoroquinolones, or aza-lides) that possess more potent in vitro activity against sputum isolates generally are not needed as initial therapy because chnical response often appears independent of the pathogen s in vitro susceptibility for many patients. ... 

Prolonging the patency of an access circuit is a key element for patient safety. It starts with optimal access planning utilizing DUS and surgical techniques that minimize hemodynamic stress responsible for the development of MIH. Monitoring, surveillance and timely interventions play a key role in prolonging the access patency. It is important that the access plan developed and communicated to the patient gets reinforced by all personnel involved in patient care activities. 

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