Active splitters

The above devices are flow intrusive, subjected to wear and the splitter itself cannot control changing downstream conditions. A potentially more direct and efficient approach is to monitor the change in flow conditions downstream of a splitter (Barnes and Mumane, 1995) and employ active splitters (Selves et al., 1995) to control the split ratio of air and hence, material. Some of the active splitters being investigated and developed by Selves et al., 1995 include ... 

Fig. 25-2. Double-beam, double-pass transmissometer for measuring smoke density in stacks. A[, chopper wheel A, beam gating wheel A3, aperture D, detector Fj, spectral filter F2, solenoid-activated neutral density filter L, lamp M, half-mirror/beam splitter Rj, solenoid-activated zero calibration reflector R2, retroreflector (alignment bullseye not shown). Design patented. Source Drawing courtesy of Lear Siegler, Inc.

Pt/Ru bimetallic nanoparticles. In the case of dye-sensitized photochemical water splitters, to which much attention has been received recently, noble metal nanoparticles are often used for the active centers to produce hydrogen gas from water. Bimetallic nanoparticles will be easily replaced by these metal nanoparticles for the sake of saving resources. 

Wastewater exits the lagoon and flows over a weir and into a splitter box where the flow is split to the two secondary clarifiers. Cationic polymer is added, as needed, before the secondary clarifiers, to enhance settling of the suspended solids. The settled solids consist of active biological matter and are returned via return sludge pumps to the lagoon through a return line that discharges from two pipes within 7.6m (25 ft) of the influent from the lift pumps. 

Along with studies of the catalyst solution and stoichiometric reaction mixtures, the hydroformylation reaction was studied online under typical reaction conditions by connecting a pressurized autoclave (20 bar) directly to the mass spectrometer via a splitter. While this allowed them to identify new reaction intermediates they did not extract any kinetic data from the observed intermediates over time. Nevertheless, a new hydroformylation reaction mechanism for self-assembling ligands (in which the ligands play an active role in H2 activation) was considered based on... 

The plane-polarized light which goes through the flow cell is rotated by optically active substances (chiral compounds) according to their specific optical rotations and concentrations. The light then enters the polarized beam splitter and is divided into two beams according to the polarized beam directions. These beams are detected by two photodiodes as shown. 

An FTIR spectrometer contains a single beam optical assembly with, as an essential component, an interferometer - often of the Michelson type - located between the source and the sample (Figure 10.7c). It consists of three active components a moving mirror, a fixed mirror and a beam-splitter. 

Description GTC s GT-BenZap process features a reliable traditional design paired with a proven active hydrogenation catalyst. The process consists of hydrotreating a narrow-cut Cg fraction, which is separated from the full-range reformate to saturate the benzene component into cyclohexane. The reformate is first fed to a reformate splitter, where the Cg heart cut is separated as a side-draw fraction while the C/ cut and the Cg- light fraction are removed as bottom and top products of the column. 

Fig. 4.5. Block-diagram of a combined irradiation and measurement device. DMR 10 (C. Zeiss, Oberkochen) process controlled by microprocessor TM 990 (Texas Instruments, Freising). PSl, PS2, alternatively active shutters F, interference filter B, beam splitter to P (photo diode) and sample cell (S), which is stirred R, reference cell ST 75, high-pressure...

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