Activators regenerated by electron transfer ARGET -ATRP

The effect of polydispersity of primary chains on experimental gel points was also studied by using activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ° ATRP for the copolymerization of MA and EGDA. Decreasing the copper concentration from tens of ppm to a few ppm increased the polydispersity of primary chains from M /Mn = 1.1 to 2.0, which accelerated the experimental gel point during the copolymerization of monomer and crosslinker. 

Activators regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP is another promising method, which reduces Cu(II)Xj to Cu(I)X with chemical reducing agents such as ascorbic acid or Snlethylhexanoate) [103]. 

A variation of a reverse ATRP was developed using Cu(0) to provide the ability to start with stable aaive Cu(II) catalyst precursors (cf Section 3.12.3.4 on activator regenerated by electron transfer (ARGET) ATRP). This allows for a simple experimental setup without problems associated with oxidation of a readily oxidized Cu(I) complex. Reduction of the higher oxidation state transition metal with Cu(0), in any solid state, occurs quickly in most cases to form the Cu(I) catalysts. This simple procedure to initiate an ATRP was used subsequently by Percec when examining RP of butyl methacrylate initiated with sulfonyl chlorides. ... 

Figure 2.3 ATRP current status and future perspectives. ARGET activator regenerated by electron transfer, eATRP electron-atom transfer radical polymerisation, ICAR initiators for continuous activator regeneration and SARA supplemental activator and reducing agent. Reproduced with permission from K.Matyjaszewski, Macromolecules, 2012,45,10,4015.

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