Activation inner shell component

There are two contributions to the polarizability of a molecule the distortion of the electronic wave function and the distortion of the nuclear framework. The major contribution is from the electrons, and can be considered to be the sum of contributions from the individual electrons. The contributions of the inner-shell electrons are nearly independent of orientation and these contributions can be ignored. The polarizability of electrons in a bond parallel to the bond direction is different from the polarizability perpendicular to that bond. As a diatomic molecule or linear polyatomic molecule rotates, the components of the polarizability in fixed directions are modulated (fluctuate periodically) as the ellipsoid of polarizability rotates. The rotation of a diatomic or linear polyatomic molecule will be Raman active (produce a Raman spectram). In a nonlinear polyatomic molecule, the polarizabilities of the individual bonds add vectorially to make up the total polarizability. If the molecule is a symmetric top, the total polarizability is the same in all directions and the ellipsoid of polarizability is a sphere. A spherical top molecule has no rotational Raman spectmm. Symmetric tops and asymmetric tops have anisotropic polarizabilities and produce rotational Raman spectra. 

Our cubo-octahedral structures were of the core-shell t5rpe with inner core, formed by second component atoms - transition metals, while the shell in just one atomic layer was constructed by platinum - active catalyst of surface processes. Such structures in our own calculations [25] and others [26-27] are optimal in catalytic sense, because they cause effective way of surface reactions for oxygen reduction. On the other side such nanoclusters possess stability in aggressive acid environments, which lead to electrochemical corrosion of materials of catalysts. 

In addition, multistep impregnation has been investigated in order to produce different IL film distributions in which the IL - and thereby the catalyst dissolved in it - is located either on the outer shell or on the inner core of the support material. The distribution of the active components on the support can be obtained by the appropriate combination of process parameters, allowing tailor-made catalysts or adsorbents. 

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