Activating transcriptional factor-2 ATF

Activation transcription factor-2 (ATF-2 also known as [cAMP-response element (CRE) BP-1] is a member of the ATF/CRE-binding (CREB) family of transcription factors and has a basic region leucine zipper motif (bZip domain) (22,23). This motif is necessary for the formation of heterodimers with other members of the ATF family, as well as with members of tiie Jun/Fos family of factors. The motif is also required for the binding of homodimers of ATF-2 to DRE. ATF-2 and p300 interact with each other in the DRF complex and cooperate in the control of transcription in response to differentiation-inducing signals, such as RA or ElA. 

The human gene also has a cyclic AMP response element (CRE)". The Adi element bound CRE-binding protein, activating transcription factor-1 (ATF-1), and ATF-2. Steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) interacted at the Ad4 site (—242Z-234) and was required for transcription" - which contrasts with the lack of response of CYPllBl. 

Mitogens and many types of stress (cycloheximide, UV radiation, and heat shock can stimulate SAPK/JNK subfamily kinases. This subfamily is activate by SEK-1 (also named MKK4 for MARK kinase 4) and MARK kinase 7 (MKK7). SEKl can in turn be phosphorylated and activated by MEKKs and other kinases. The transcription factors cJun, EIK-1 and ATF-2 serve as physiological substrates for the SAPKs. 

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