Lasers actinide

Both f-f and f-d transitions have been used for lanthanide and actinide lasers. The spectroscopic properties of these transitions are compared in Table I. Since the d states have shorter lifetimes, faster pumping as well as higher energies are required for excitation. Possible pumping sources include ultrafast flashlamps, other lasers, electron beams, or synchrotron radiation, with one exception, all lanthanide and actinide lasers have been optically pumped. 

Table II lists all types of transitions. lanthanide and actinide laser ions and...

Table II. Electronic transitions and and actinide lasers. ions used for lanthanide...

The prospects for actinide lasers, based on available spectroscopic data, is definitely more limited. Although there are a few prospects for visible lasers, the presence of low-lying 6d and electron transfer states can cause intense excited-state absorption, thus limiting oscillation principally to the infrared. Strong ion-host interactions increase the probabilities for radiative and nonradiative transitions and must be carefully considered with respect to the overall operation and efficiency of any practical system. 

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