Actinide elements group trends

Obvious analogies between Mg and the elements of the 2nd group (notably with Ca) exist. Notice, however, the different behaviour shown in the alloys with the lanthanides and actinides no compound formation is observed with Ca (and Sr, Ba, Eu and Yb) whereas there are several compounds in the alloys with Mg (and Be, Zn, Cd and Hg). As for the patterns given by Zn, Cd, Hg notice the smooth changes along the Periodic Table of the regions where there is, or there is not, compound formation the trend observed in the (sub) group Zn, Cd, Hg is not very different... 

The synthesis of the transactinides is noteworthy from a chemical and a nuclear viewpoint. From the chemical point of view, rutherfordium (Z = 104) is important as an example of the first transactinide element. From Figure 15.1, we would expect rutherfordium to behave as a Group 4 (IVB) element, such as hafnium or zirconium, but not like the heavy actinides. Its solution chemistry, as deduced from chromatography experiments, is different from that of the actinides and resembles that of zirconium and hafnium. More recently, detailed gas chromatography has shown important deviations from expected periodic table trends and relativistic quantum chemical calculations. 

The chemistry of transition metals, lanthanides and actinides is significantly influenced by relativistic effects. Qualitatively, these effects become apparent in the comparison of certain structural properties or reactivity patterns for a group of metals, for example, trends in the chemistry of copper, silver and gold. Quantification of relativistic effects can, however, only be achieved by relating the experimental findings to the results of adequate ab initio studies. Reference to theory is required because nonrelativistic properties cannot be probed directly. Thus, elements behave relativis-tically in any kind of experiment, whether one deals with the spectrum of Hj or the properties of transuranium compounds. 

Element 104. The first experimental results on the cation exchange, CIX, separations [213] have shown that Rf is a homolog of Zr and Hf The elution of those elements by 6 M HCl demonstrated that the chloride complexation of Rf is similar to that of Hf and much stronger than that of the actinides. However, disagreements in the sequences of the values for Zr, Hf and Rf complexes sorbed by cation and anion resins fi-om HF and HCl aqueous solutions have been revealed (see [12]). Also, various trends in the hydrolysis of Rf and other group-4 elements were established by various experiments [217,218]. 

This section provides tables of the physical and physicochemical properties of the elements. Emphasis is given to properties of the elements in the condensed state. The tables are structured according to the Periodic Table of the elements. Most of the tables deal with the properties of elements of one particular group (column) of the Periodic Table. Only the elements of the first period (hydrogen and helium), the lanthanides, and the actinides are arranged according to the periods (rows) of the Periodic Table. This synoptic representation is intended to provide an immediate overview of the trends in the data for chemically related elements. 

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