Acrosome reaction induction

Castro, M. O., Pomin, V. H., Santos, L. L., Vilela-Silva, A. C, Hirohashi, N., Pol-Fachin, L., Verli, H., and Mourao, P. A. (2009). A unique 2-sulfated betaj-galactan from the egg jelly of the sea urchin Glyptocidaris crenularis Conformation flexibility versus induction of the sperm acrosome reaction. ]. Biol. Chem. 284, 18790-18800. 

Ehrenwald, E., Parks, J.E., and Foote, R.H. (1988). Cholesterol efflux from bovine sperm. I. Induction of the acrosome reaction with lysophosphatidylcholine after reducing sperm cholesterol. Gamete Res. 20 145-157. 

Several lines of evidence indicate that T-type channels are retained in sperm and are activated by ZP3 during induction of acrosome reactions... 

Bleil, J.D. and Wassarman, P.M. (1983). Sperm-egg interactions in the mouse Sequence of events and induction of the acrosome reaction by a zona pellucida glycoprotein. Dev. Biol. 95 317-324. 

Florman, H.M. and First, N.L. (1988). The regulation of acrosomal exocytosis. I. Sperm capaeitation is required for the induction of acrosome reactions by the bovine zona pellucida in vitro. Dev.Biol. (28 453-463. 

Green, D.P.L. 1978). The induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea pig sperm by the divalent metal cation ionophore A23187. J.Cell Sci. 52 137-151. 

Hughson, F.M. (1995). Structural characterization of viral fusion proteins. Cutr. Biol. 5 265-274. Hyne, R.V. and Garbers, D.L. (1979a). Calcium-dependent increase in adenosine 3, 5 - monophosphate and induction of the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 76 5699-5703. 

Schackman RW, Christen R, Shapiro BM. 1984. Measurement of plasma membrane and mitochondrial potentials in sea urchin sperm. Changes upon activation and induction of the acrosome reaction. J Biol Chem 259 13914-13922. 

Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95 kDa protein and induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by recombinant human zona peUudda glycopjrotein 3. Mol Hum Reprod 4(12) 1136-1144. 

Induction of the acrosome reaction was obtained by pipetting sperm from testes of mature males which was mixed with fully grown oocytes obtained by the modified method described by Freeman (1994). Sperm show an acrosome reaction when they make contact with the jelly layer of the oocyte. 

Induction of the acrosome reaction is a key event that occurs in sea urchins, starfish, ascidians and mammals. However, it is not clear that in the amphibian Xenopus sperm undergo the same type of acrosome reaction, because thus far it has not been possible to detect a morphologically identifiable acrosome vesicle in these sperm. The acrosome reaction in echinoderms and in mammals has been well studied. During the acrosome reaction the acrosomal vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and the acrosomal components are externalized. Several proteolytic activities thought to be involved in penetration through the extracellular matrix of the egg are deteeted in the acrosomal contents. In addition, exposure of egg coat binding molecules on the surface of the sperm occurs (see below). 

SeGall, G. K., and Lennarz, W. J., 1979, chemical characterization of the component of the jelly coat from sea urchin eggs responsible for induction of the acrosome reaction, Dev. Biol. 71 33-48. 

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