Acorga extractants

The P5000 Acorga extraction reagents contain as the major complexing agent 5-nonylsalicyl-aldoxime, the copper complexes of which were studied in 1983 by electronic and ESR spectroscopy.72... 

Jakubiak, A. Cote, G. Szymanowski, J. Extraction of zinc(II) from chloride media with a mixture of ACORGA ZNX50 and LIX54. Solvent Extr. Res. Dev. Jpn. 1999, 6, 24-32. 

Alguacil, F. J. Cobo, A. Extraction of nickel from ammoniacal ammonium carbonate solutions using Acorga M5640 in Iberfluid. Hydrometallurgy 1998, 50, 143-151. 

A somewhat different liquid/liquid system is found in the solvent extraction of copper. We have studied the system using heptane/water. These solvents are so immiscible that, as shown in Fig. 15, there is probably no extensive interphase region but a more sharply defined interface. We have shown that for the oxime ligand, Acorga P50 [4], written as HL, the mechanism of the reaction is as in Scheme 2 (Albery et al., 1984 Albery and Choudhery, 1988). 

Fig. 18 Free energy profiles for the solvent extraction of copper, where L is Acorga P50. The profile shows the free energy of a site on the liquid/liquid interface. All higher-order rate constants are reduced to first-order rate constants by using the concentrations of reactants in either phase. The free energy lost in each cycle can be seen from the difference between 0 and the 10%, 50% and 80% extraction lines on the right of the diagram. The double-headed arrows indicate the rate-limiting free energy difference.

For simple acidic extractants, such as carboxylic or sulfonic acids, the similarity in formation constants does not produce cobalt-nickel separation factors (Sn° 2) sufficiently large for commercial operation (Fig. 11.4). Data for pH versus extraction for some chelating acid extractants does seem to offer the possibility of separation [e.g., for the hydroxyoxime Acorga P50, the pHso for nickel(II) is 3.5 and for cobalt(II) 5.0]. Normally, this pH difference would be suitable for a separation process, but this particular system has hidden complications. The rate of nickel extraction is very slow compared with cobalt and, in addition, although cobalt is initially extracted... 

Unlike the amine extractants, this compound does not protonate easily and provides excellent selectivity over those metals and metalloids that exist as chloroanions in this medium. Extraction of the latter species becomes significant only above 8 mol dm chloride, as protonation becomes significant. This extractant [Acorga CLX 50], which contains 50% of the active ingredient, has been proposed for an integrated leach, extraction, electrowinning circuit (Cuprex process) [19]. 

A product having a different use, namely as the oxime in the extraction of copper(ll) from dilute aqueous solution, is derived by the nucleophilic reaction of 4-nonylphenol, behaving as the 2-carbanion, with benzotrichloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide solution, to afford after hydrolysis of the intermediatedichlorocompound, 2-hydroxy-5-nonylbenzophenone (ref.54). The oxime of this compound is similar in properties to the 5-dodecyl analogue known as Ux 64N (Henkel Co.). The Acorga series of metal extractants derived from2-hydroxy-5-nonylsalicylaldehyde are more commercialy significant and are referred to later. 

Solvent extraction of metal ions plays an important role in hydrometallurgy. Further development of solvent extraction is constrained by the limited number of commercially available extractants which include di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), bis(2,2,4-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272 ), trioctyl-phosphine oxide (TOPO), tri- -butylphosphate (TBP), some hydroxy oximes (extractants in the LIX or Acorga series) and derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline (extractants in the Kelex and LIX-26 series). 

SME529 P5000 series Shell Chemical Co. Acorga Ltd. copper extraction copper extraction... 

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