Aconitum., spp

Shoyama, Y., I. Nishioka, and K. Hatano. 1991. Aconitum spp. (monkshood) somatic embryogenesis, plantregeneration, and the production of aconitine and other alkaloids. In Bajaj, Y. P. S. (ed.). Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry 15. Medicinal and Aromatic plants III. Springer-Verlag. New York. p. 58-72. 

Aconitum spp. (Ranunculaceae) cccc 60,1034 95 Actaea spicata (Ranunculaceae) cccc 60,1034 95... 

Both normal phase [53] and reversed phase [54] HPLC methods have been used for the separation of diterpene alkaloids. Reversed phase HPLC coupled to APCI mass spectrometry has been used for the analysis of diterpene alkaloids of Aconitum spp. [64,65] and normal phase HPLC conditions [53] have been successfully used with APCI-MS for the detection of diterpene alkaloids in Delphinium species [56]. However, caution should be observed in the use of APCI sources with some normal phase HPLC solvents such as hexane, to ensure no oxygen is introduced into the system producing a possible explosive mixture in the API source. 

Monkshood, wolfsbane Aconitum spp. Cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hypotension, arrythmias... 

Symptoms can occur after dermal exposure although this route is much less frequent. This is because Aconitum spp. can be rapidly absorbed through mucous membranes and even intact skin. 

Aconitum spp. contain potent steroid alkaloids including aconitine, mesaconitine, and jesaconitine, the three major toxins. The main alkaloid of these plants is aconitine, a highly toxic alkaloid. 

The effect of nitrogenous fertilizers upon the alkaloid assay is not quite so obvious, and the earlier results appeared contradictory. Reductions of assay were reported for Lobelia (133), and no significant change for Datura stramonium (120, 126) and Aconitum spp. (128). Various workers reported no change or small increases for Atropa belladonna (134,135, 136, 137) and Hyoscyamus niger (126). 

Aconite Aconitum spp 1 Nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, shock... 

Myelo-optic neuropathy was observed in rabbits intraperitoneally administered a tincture of Aconitum spp. containing 0.6 mg/kg total alkaloids (Suk et al. 1994). 

Source Aconitum napellus L. and other Aconitum spp. (Eamily Ranunculaceae). 

The norditerpenoid alkaloids are complex, multi-cyclic Ciq diterpene alkaloids which are highly substituted with hydroxyl, methoxyl and ester groups. These alkaloids occur in members of the Ranunculaceae family (primarily in Aconitum spp. and Delphinium spp.) and many have been determined to be highly toxic to humans and animals. They occur as two skeletal structure types [36,37]. Three structural sub-types are associated with skeletal type 36, based upon C-7 substitution patterns and C-8, C15 unsaturation aconitine type (i.e. aconitine [38]) lycoctonine type (i.e. lycoctonine [36]) and pyrodelphinine type (i.e. pyrodelphinine [39]). Skeletal type 37 is designated the heteratisine type (i.e. heteratisine [37]) norditerpenoid alkaloids (Pelletier et al., 1984). Only a small number of pyrodelphinine and heteratisine type norditerpenoid alkaloids have been characterized and there is very limited toxicity data available for them (Benn and Jacyno, 1983). More than 300 aconitine and lycoctonine norditerpenoid alkaloids have been characterized (Pelletier et al., 1984, 1991). Aconitum spp. contain almost exclusively aconitine type alkaloids while Delphinium spp. contain primarily lycoctonine type with a few aconitine type alkaloids. 

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