Acids, Carboxylates, and Carbonyl Compounds

The oxidation of methylmalonic and ethylmalonic acids (LH2) by Ce(IV) in acidic aqueous solution/ equation (90), 

Oxalate complexes of Mn(III) decompose to Mn(II) and CO2. The rate-determining step is a unimolecular formation of Mn(II) and COJ. The radical scavenger acrylic acid has little effect on the rate, indicating that 

Cr(IV), produced in situ from Cr(VI) and V(IV), oxidizes Co(III) complexes of mandelic, lactic, and benzilic acids with the rate law in equation (92)  

A deuterium kinetic isotope effect of 6.1 was observed in the oxidation of acetaldehyde by permanganate in aqueous HC104, implying a hydride 

Aliphatic esters are oxidized by chromic acid in acetic acid-HzO mixtures. The reaction shows an unusually strong dependence An increase in [H2SO4] from 2 to 3.5 M causes a 38-fold increase in rate. The rate acceleration by oxalic acid was explained by a three-electron mechanism. 

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