Acid Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions

Esters are named by first identifying the alkyl group and then the carboxylic acid group, replacing -oic acid by -ate. [Pg.536]

Thioesters are named like esters, using the prefix thio- before the name of the carboxylic acid. [Pg.536]

Acyl phosphates are named by citing the acyl group and adding the word phosphate. [Pg.536]

Reactions of carboxylic acids and their derivatives (Section 21.3 - 21.9). [Pg.537]

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions [Pg.785]

Thomson -OVJ Throughout this chapter, sign in at www.thomsonedu.com for online self-study and interactive tutorials based on your level of understanding. [Pg.785]

Online homework for this chapter may be assigned in Organic OWL [Pg.785]

Closely related to the carbox iic acids and nitriles discussed in the previous chapter are the carboxylic acid derivatives, compounds in which an acyl group is bonded to an electronegative atom or substituent that can act as a leaving group in a substitution reaction. Many kinds of acid derivatives are known, but we ll be concerned primarily with four of the more common ones acid halides, acid aiiliydrides, esters, and amides. I sters and amides are common in both laboratory and biological chemistry, wiiile acid halides and acid anhydrides arc used only in the laboratory. Tliioesters and acyl phosphates are encountered primarily in biological chemistry. Note the structural similarity between acid anhydrides and acyl phosphates. [Pg.785]

Carboxylic acid Acid halide X = Cl, Br) Acid anhydride Ester [Pg.785]

ThomsonNOW Throughout this chapter, sign in at www.thomsonedu.com for [Pg.785]

The chemistry of all acid derivatives is similar and is dominated by a single reaction—the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that we saw briefly in A Preview of Carbonyl Compounds. [Pg.785]

Pancreatic lipase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in dietary fats, the initial step in fat metabolism. [Pg.643]

Closely related to the carboxylic acids and nitriles discussed in the previons chapter are the carboxylic acid derivatives, compounds in which an acyl group is bonded to an electronegative atom or snbstituent that can act as a leaving group in the nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction that we saw briefly in the Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry [Pg.643]

8 Chemistry of Thioesters and Acyl Phosphates Biological Carboxylic Acid Derivatives [Pg.643]

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