Acid, definition hydrolysis, catalysis

Ammonia decomposition over Fe, Cu, Ag, Au, and Pt Hydrolysis of starch to glucose catalyzed by acids Mixture of coal gas and air makes a platinum wire white hot Measurements on the rate of H2O2 decomposition Selective oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid over platinum Comprehensive paper on the H2 + O2 reaction on platinum foils, including reaction rates, deactivation, reactivation, and poisoning Definition of catalysis, catalyst, and catalytic force First quantitative analysis of reaction rates Systematic studies on the concentration dependence of reaction rates First concise monograph on chemical kinetics Definition of order of reaction Arrhenius equation k = u exp (-Ea/RT)... 

The polarographic measurements permit deduction of rate coefficients for hydrolysis of the intermediate. This reaction is also subject to general acid catalysis. Table 3 lists values which have been obtained for the acids HsO , HCOJ and NH4 at three temperatures, together with the energies of activation derived from them. Russian polarographic work gave the first definite indication of the presence of an intermediate in BH4 hydrolysis. Surprisingly, Russian workers... 

A second form of acid—base catalysis reflects another, more general definition of acids and bases. In the Lewis formulation, an acid is an electron-pair acceptor, and a base is an electron-pair donor. Metal ions, including such biologically important ones as Mn +, Mg +, and Zn, are Lewis acids. Thus, they can play a role in metal-ion catalysis (also called Lewis acid-base catalysis). The involvement of Zn + in the enzymatic activity of carboxypeptidase A is an example of this type of behavior. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of... 

Small hydrogen isotope effects have been found in a nucleophilic substitution of an aromatic heterocycle, the reaction of cyanuric chloride with aniline-N,N-d2 in benzene solution (Zollinger, 1961a). As the effects are small (5%), it is difficult to draw definite mechanistic conclusions. The reactions of cyanuric chloride and other halogenated triazine derivatives are subject to bifunctional catalysis (e.g. by carboxylic acids and by a -pyridone) and to catalysis by monofunctional bases like pyridine (Bitter and Zollinger, 1961). Reinheimer et al. (1962) measured the solvent isotope effect in the hydrolysis of 2-chloro-5-nitro-pyridine (A h,o/ d.o = 2 36). The result makes it probable, but... 

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