Acetylene, hydrogenation from methane

Co-Production of Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) and Acetylene (C2H2) from Methane and Nitrogen in Thermal Plasma Systems... 

A typical ethane cracker has several identical pyrolysis furnaces in which fresh ethane feed and recycled ethane are cracked with steam as a diluent. Figure 3-12 is a block diagram for ethylene from ethane. The outlet temperature is usually in the 800°C range. The furnace effluent is quenched in a heat exchanger and further cooled by direct contact in a water quench tower where steam is condensed and recycled to the pyrolysis furnace. After the cracked gas is treated to remove acid gases, hydrogen and methane are separated from the pyrolysis products in the demethanizer. The effluent is then treated to remove acetylene, and ethylene is separated from ethane and heavier in the ethylene fractionator. The bottom fraction is separated in the deethanizer into ethane and fraction. Ethane is then recycled to the pyrolysis furnace. 

Chlorine dioxide Copper Fluorine Hydrazine Hydrocarbons (benzene, butane, propane, gasoline, turpentine, etc) Hydrocyanic acid Hydrofluoric acid, anhydrous (hydrogen fluoride) Hydrogen peroxide Ammonia, methane, phosphine or hydrogen sulphide Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide Isolate from everything Hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, or any other oxidant Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, chromic acid, peroxide Nitric acid, alkalis Ammonia, aqueous or anhydrous Copper, chromium, iron, most metals or their salts, any flammable liquid, combustible materials, aniline, nitromethane... 

Among the arc plasmas, those of Hoeckst and Huls employ hydrogen in a system supplied with hydrocarbons ranging from methane to crude oil The acetylene and ethylene yield is as high as 80 per cent weight with an H, to CH4 molar ratio of 0.5. Huls has developed an industrial pilot plant of this type in Marl, in West Germany, which will employ coal. 

Ammonia, methane, phosphine or hydrogen sulphide Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide Isolate from everything... 

Ammonia, acetylene, butadiene, butane, other petrolerrm gases, hydrogen, sodium carbide, turpentine, benzene, and finely divided metals Ammonia, methane, phosphine, and hydrogen sulfide Acetylene, hydrogen peroxide Isolate from everything... 

Neptune s upper atmosphere (what we see) is a mixture of hydrogen, helinm, methane and traces of acetylene (C2H2), carbon dioxide, and other gasses. Orrly 10% of the planet s mass is in this outermost layer (approximately 3,100 mi or 5,000 km thick). Under the upper atmophere lies a lower atmophere of molecnlar (gaseous) hydrogen and helium, plus some ices (approximately 6,200 mi or 10,000 km thick). Below the atmosphere lies the mantle, a water ice and rock mixture that perhaps contains methane ice and aitrmonia ice mixed in. A core is at the center of the planet s mass, and it is likely a body with a 6,200-mi radios and represents 45% of the planet s mass that is conposed of silicate rock and water ice. Like the other Jovian planets (Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranns), Neptune has a distinctive structure quite different from the terrestrial planets like Earth. 

Virtually all organic chemicals are made wholly or in part from petroleum and natural gas. Methane, ethane, propane, butane, ethylene, propylene, butylenes, cyclohexane, and other nonaromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives are made entirely from petroleum and natural gas. Toluene, xylenes, cresylic acids, ammonia, cyclopentadiene, and their derivatives are made principally, although not entirely, from petroleum and natural gas. Benzene, acetylene, hydrogen cyanide, sulfur, and their derivatives are made in part from petroleum and natural gas, although other sources are more important. As a matter of fact, there are very few organic chemicals which are not made wholly or in part from petroleum or natural gas. A few examples of chemicals not made from petroleum or natural gas are naphthols, regenerated cellulose, fatty acids, toxaphene, furfural, glutamic acid, and sorbitol. 

If the pyrolysis of poly(a-methylstyrene) is conducted at around 830-1,230 "C, then considerable quantities of fractions with a molecular mass exceeding that of the monomer are formed. This is a result of the volatilisation of chain fragments produced during pyrolysis of the polymer from the high temperature zone before chain decay to monomer can take place. At temperatures of 830-1230 °C a definite quantity of small molecules such as acetylene, benzene, ethylene, hydrogen and methane are formed as products of the secondary, more extensive decomposition of monomer. 

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