Acetic acid polyacids

Application of classical type of kinetic equations to the template polymerization was demonstrated by Kabanov at al It was shown that 4-vinylpyridine, in the presence of poly(methacrylic acid), poly(acrylic acid), poly(l-glutamic acid), and polyphosphate, polymerizes according to the classical equation and the order of reaction with respect to the monomer is 2 as demonstrated in the Figure 8.1. In log-log coordinates, for the all sets of polymerizations, experimental points fit straight lines. In the same paper dependence of the initial rate on the molar ratio of acid to monomer was examined. This relationship is shown on the Figure 8.2. The rate of polymerization in the presence of the poly(acrylic acid) is much higher than that for the low molecular analogue (acetic acid). The polymerization rate riches its maximum for the molar ratio [acid]/[monomer] 2. The authors found kinetic equation for template polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine in the presence of different polyacids in the form ... 

Cesium salts of 12-tungstophosphoric acid have been compared to the pure acid and to a sulfated zirconia sample for isobutane/1-butene alkylation at room temperature. The salt was found to be much more active than either the acid or sulfated zirconia 201). Heteropoly acids have also been supported on sulfated zirconia catalysts. The combination was found to be superior to heteropolyacid supported on pure zirconia and on zirconia and other supports that had been treated with a variety of mineral acids (202). Solutions of heteropolyacids (containing phosphorus or silicon) in acetic acid were tested as alkylation catalysts at 323 K by Zhao et al. 203). The system was sensitive to the hetero-polyacid/acetic acid ratio and the amount of crystalline water. As observed in the alkylation with conventional liquid acids, a polymer was formed, which enhanced the catalytic activity. 

Water-soluble biodegradable polycarboxylates with an acetal or ketal weak link were inventions of Monsanto scientists in the course of their search for biodegradable deteigent polymers. However, the polymers were prevented by economics from reaching commercial status. The polymers are based on the anionic or cationic polymerization of glyoxylic esters at low temperature (molecular weight is inversely proportional to the polymerization temperature) and subsequent hydrolysis to the salt form of the polyacid, which is a hemiacetal (R = H) or ketal (R = CH3) if methylglyoxylic acid is used, and stable under basic conditions. 

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