Accelerated aging of paper

The Effect of Variations in Relative Humidity on the Accelerated Aging of Paper... 

Absorption coefficient description, 82 physical interpretation, 84 Accelerated aging of paper, effect of variations in relative humidity, 63-78 Acid degradation, effective means of book protection, 23-24 Acid formation in paper aging characteristics, 16 chief source, 16... 

Accelerated Aging of Filter Papers Impregnated with Model Compounds ... 

Kohler and Hall (13) reached a similar conclusion in 1925 that the acidity produced by the use of aluminum sulfate was the root of the problem. Their research brought together techniques which have become standard. Chemical degradation of paper is speeded by raising the temperature Kohler and Hall accelerated the aging of paper by exposing... 

As restoration planning evolved, concern for the stored, nonfrozen contaminated materials increased. The use of insecticides was considered initially however, the suggestion was eliminated after discussions were held with several groups of paper conservators. They felt that such compounds might leave residual halogens in the paper. Such halogens ultimately contribute to an acidic environment which in turn accelerates aging of the paper. 

Natural or artificially accelerated aging of papermaking pulps is characterized by two important reactions, scission of the polymeric cellulose chains and some cross-linking reaction (7,8,9), the exact nature of which remains unknown. Since the mechanical properties of aged paper are modified by these two simultaneous reactions, it was of interest to determine whether these chemical effects influence the thermograms of artificially aged papers. 

Table I. Accelerated Aging of Washed Kraft Paper...

In this experiment, four types of papers were subjected to accelerated aging. The papers, Foldur Kraft, newsprint, JCPA-60 (Government Printing Office property No. 16929), and Allied Superior were placed in a... 

Recent approaches directed toward preventing oxidation of cotton cloth included using accelerated aging of alkaline-treated cotton cloth for neutralization of acidic, oxidized, cellulose decomposition components that in cellulosic textiles and in paper are responsible for age tendering and yellowing. Conclusions regarding the relative effectiveness of treatments at room temperature were based on results of treatments at one elevated temperature (8). Predictions of long-term effects of these treatments are unknown (9). 

Table I also shows that when moisture is present during oven aging, the degradation rate is accelerated, pinner confirms this finding in a review article on the aging of paper (13).

A summary of the progress in evaluating adhesive bond performance over a 25-year period has been pubhshed by Minford. More recent papers relating to Famborough work include a comparison of anodized and chromate etch treatments for clad aluminium (the durability of the former was superior, see also FPL etch. Anodizing, Pre-treatment of aluminium) and a comparison of the natural weathering and accelerated ageing of joints. ... 

No specific information on the possible effect of the synthetic sizes on permanence is available, and they are not mentioned in the standard 04), but it seems unlikely that they would be deleterious. Presumably they have been used in comnercial grades of neutral/alkaline paper subjected to accelerated ageing tests. In terms of general effects on paper, the synthetic sizes have a tendency to reduce the surface frictional properties of paper to a greater extent than rosin. For example, this makes it more difficult to stack piles of cut sheets without slippage. However, the effect is less noticeable when high proportions of chalk filler are used, because the blocky particles increase friction. 

The expected life of the paper should be significantly improved. A minimum of a five time increase in accelerated aging lifetime must be achieved. 

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