Conjugation, and absorption

Lloyd GK. 1980 Dermal absorption and conjugation of nickel in relation to the induction of allergic contact dermatitis Preliminary results. In Brown SS, Sunderman FW Jr, eds. Nickel Toxicology. London, UK Academic Press, 145-148. 

Jubiz W, Levinson RA, Meikle AW, West CD, Tyler FH. Absorption and conjugation of metyrapone during diphenylhydantoin therapy mechanism of die abnormal response to oral metyrapone. Endocrinology (1970) 86, 328-31. 

In quantitative terms, colonic metabolism and the formed colonic metabolites are more important than the absorption and conjugation of the hydroxycinnamic acids. Whether these colonic metabolites express potential protective or preventive bioactivities in vivo remains to be studied. This also applies to the effect of the dietary hydroxycinnamates and their metabolites on the composition of the colonic microflora. 

---