Abdominal Simulation—VR

VR trainers d taUy recreate the procedures and environment of laparoscopy. The term virtual reality was first coined by Jaron Lanier, a philosopher and scientist in the 1980s. The main concept behind VR is that it is a virtual world which supports interaction between the user and its environment, instead of something that is passively visualized [1]. Richard Satava described one of the first virtual human abdomen simulators in 1993 [24]. 

Training by virtual-reality simulation encompasses computer systems 

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