Ab initio electronic structure

Page M, Doubleday C and Mclver J W Jr 1990 Following steepest descent reaction paths. The use of higher energy derivatives with ab initio electronic structure methods J. Chem. Phys. 93 5634 and references therein... 

We recently proposed a new method referred to as RISM-SCF/MCSCF based on the ab initio electronic structure theory and the integral equation theory of molecular liquids (RISM). Ten-no et al. [12,13] proposed the original RISM-SCF method in 1993. The basic idea of the method is to replace the reaction field in the continuum models with a microscopic expression in terms of the site-site radial distribution functions between solute and solvent, which can be calculated from the RISM theory. Exploiting the microscopic reaction field, the Fock operator of a molecule in solution can be expressed by... 

Gaussian and other ab initio electronic structure programs use gaussian-type atomic functions as basis functions. Gaussian functions have the general form ... 

Ab initio molecular orbital theory is concerned with predicting the properties of atomic and molecular systems. It is based upon the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics and uses a variety of mathematical transformation and approximation techniques to solve the fundamental equations. This appendix provides an introductory overview of the theory underlying ab initio electronic structure methods. The final section provides a similar overview of the theory underlying Density Functional Theory methods. 

J. Almlof and M. Feyereisen, SUPERMOLECULE, a program for ab initio electronic structure calculations M. Feyereisen, J. Nichols, J. Oddershede, and J. Simons, J. Chem. Phys. 96, 2978 (1992). 

These surfaces are all based on some combination of ab initio electronic structure calculations plus fitting. The AD and BM surfaces are based respectively in whole or in part on extended-basis-set single-configuration self-consistent-field calculations, whereas the RB and RBST calculations are based on calculations including electron correlation by Moller-Plesset fourth-order perturbation theory. For the rigid-rotator calculations R., the intramolecular internuclear distances R- and R ... 

Calculation of thermochemical data using high-quality ab initio electronic structure calculations has been a long-standing goal. However, the availability of supercomputers and new theoretical techniques now allow the calculation of thermochemical properties with chemical accuracy, i.e., AHf to within... 

H. Lischka et al., Columbus, an ab initio electronic structure program, release 5.9.1, see http // www.univie.ac.at/columbus/. 

Bauschlicher, C. W., Jr., 1995b, The Application of Ab Initio Electronic Structure Calculations to Molecules Containing Transition Metal Atoms in Modem Electronic Structure Theory, Part II, Yarkony, D. R. (ed.), World Scientific, Singapore. 

Knight, L. B., Kaup, J. G., Petzold, B., Ayyad, R., Ghanty, T. K., Davidson, E. R., 1999, Electron Spin Resonance Studies of 45Sc170, 89Y170, and 139La170 in Rare Gas Matrices Comparison With Ab Initio Electronic Structure and Nuclear Hyperfine Calculations , J. Chem. Phys., 110, 5658. 

The electronic structure method used to provide the energies and gradients of the states is crucial in photochemistry and photophysics. Ab initio electronic structure methods have been used for many years. Treating closed shell systems in their ground state is a problem that, in many cases, can now be solved routinely by chemists using standardized methods and computer packages. In order to obtain quantitative results, electron correlation (also referred to as dynamical correlation) should be included in the model and there are many methods available for doing this based on either variational or perturbation principles [41],... 

The topic of this review, reactions at metal surfaces, has been in general treated in a similar way to gas-phase reactivity. High level ab initio electronic structure methods are used to construct potential energy surfaces of catalytically important surface reactions in reduced dimensions. Once a chemically accurate potential surface is available, quantum or classical dynamics may be carried out in order to more deeply understand the microscopic nature of the reaction. 

Assignment of such spectra and fitting of model potential parameters to the observed band frequencies yields the magnitudes of V3 and V6 in the two electronic states involved, either S, and S0, or D0 and S,. Franck-Condon modeling of relative band intensities then yields the relative phase of the potentials in the two electronic states. We typically fix the absolute phase of the potentials from ab initio electronic structure calculations on both the S0 and D0 states. This provides an overall consistency check as well. 

Ding, Y., and K. Krogh-Jespersen. 1992. The Glycine Zwitterion Does Not Exist in the Gas Phase Results from a Detailed Ab Initio Electronic Structure Study. Chem. Phys. 

Our statistical analysis reveals a large improvement from cc-pCV(DT)Z to cc-pCV(TQ)Z see Fig. 1.4. In fact, the cc-pCV(TQ)Z calculations are clearly more accurate than their much more expensive cc-pcV6Z counterparts and nearly as accurate as the cc-pcV(56)Z extrapolations.The cc-pCV(TQ)Z extrapolations yield mean and maximum absolute errors of 1.7 and 4.0 kJ/mol, respectively, compared with those of 0.8 and 2.3 kJ/mol at the cc-pcV(56)Z level. Chemical accuracy is thus obtained at the cc-pCV(TQ)Z level, greatly expanding the range of molecules for which ab initio electronic-structure calculations will afford thermochemical data of chemical accuracy. 

Mechanistic Studies of Electron Exchange Kinetics Using Ab Initio Electronic Structure Techniques... 

Direct attachment of an electron to the a orbital of the C-S bond of Me-S-Me shown in Fig. 4 has been examined using ab initio electronic structure methods. 

DIRAC, a relativistic ab initio electronic structure program. Release DIRAC04.0 (2004), written by H. J. Aa. Jensen, T. Saue and L. Visscher with contrihutions from V. Bakken, E. Eliav, T. Enevoldsen, T. Fleig, O. Fossgaard, T. Helgaker, J. Laerdahl, C. V. Larsen, P. Norman, J. Olsen, M. Pempointner, J. K. Pedersen, K. Ruud, P. Salek, J. N. P. van Stolen, J. Thyssen, O. Visser and T. Winther (http //dirac.chem.sdu.dk). 

Only a very concise description of quantum chemistry is presented in this section the reader is referred to standard texts for a more complete treatment. " The aim of quantum chemistry or ab initio electronic structure theory is the solution of the time-independent Schrodinger equation ... 

In this paper we present the first application of the ZORA (Zeroth Order Regular Approximation of the Dirac Fock equation) formalism in Ab Initio electronic structure calculations. The ZORA method, which has been tested previously in the context of Density Functional Theory, has been implemented in the GAMESS-UK package. As was shown earlier we can split off a scalar part from the two component ZORA Hamiltonian. In the present work only the one component part is considered. We introduce a separate internal basis to represent the extra matrix elements, needed for the ZORA corrections. This leads to different options for the computation of the Coulomb matrix in this internal basis. The performance of this Hamiltonian and the effect of the different Coulomb matrix alternatives is tested in calculations on the radon en xenon atoms and the AuH molecule. In the atomic cases we compare with numerical Dirac Fock and numerical ZORA methods and with non relativistic and full Dirac basis set calculations. It is shown that ZORA recovers the bulk of the relativistic effect and that ZORA and Dirac Fock perform equally well in medium size basis set calculations. For AuH we have calculated the equilibrium bond length with the non relativistic Hartree Fock and ZORA methods and compare with the Dirac Fock result and the experimental value. Again the ZORA and Dirac Fock errors are of the same order of magnitude. 

The scalar ZORA method has been implemented in the standard non relativistic Ab Initio electronic structure program GAMESS-UK [8]. The technical details of this implementation will be given in the following section. Comparing the Schrodinger equation with the ZORA equation (7) one sees that application of the ZORA method has resulted in a potential dependent correction on the kinetic energy term. 

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