A-Gal epitope

Dehydrativeglycosylation of 1-hydroxy donors with Ph2S0/Tf20 in conjunction with thioglycoside acceptors opens the way for sequential double glycosylation, one-pot procedures for trisaccharide synthesis, as exemplified by the efficient one-pot synthesis of the a-Gal epitope and a hyaluronan trisaccharide [566]. This study also shows the potential of selenoglycoside as acceptors in dehydrative glycosylation (Scheme 4.112). 

Volume 32 ot-Gal and Anti-Gal al3-Galactosyltransferase, a-Gal Epitopes, and the Natural Anti-Gal Antibody... 

X. Chen, Z.-Y. Liu, J.-B. Zhang, W. Zheng, P. Kowal, and P. G. Wang, Reassembled biosynthetic pathway for large-scale carbohydrate synthesis a-Gal epitope producing superbug, ChemBioChem, 3 (2002) 47-53. 

Galal,3Gal is the terminal disaccharide of a-Gal epitopes that are found in almost all mammals except human, apes, and... 

Figure 1 Xenotransplantation hindered by a-gal epitopes (1-4 ) and the anti-Gal antibody.

Figure 12 Comparing inhibitory activity of N-acetylated a-gal epitopes and those bearing a free amino group.

Glycopolymers hearing a-gal epitopes were constructed through a well-known polymeric synthetic route. The method utilized epitope 48 in an attempt to copolymerize with maimose monomer precursor 45 and acrylamide in an established ter-polymerization method (Fig. 22) [153]. Polymerization was initiated hy ammonium persulfate and Ar,Ar,Ar, Ar -tetramethylethylenediamine in aqueous solution. The final polymer was obtained as a white fluffy material after separation by Bio-Gel P-2 permeation column and freeze-drying (76% yield). Proton NMR spectroscopy in D2O verihed the incorporation of all three monomers in the final glycopolymer, 49. 

To assess the activity of a-gal-mannose glycoconjugates binding to the anti-Gal antibodies, a previously reported inhibition-type enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted [21]. Mouse laminin having a-gal epitopes were fixed on ELISA plate as solid phase antigens. Test glycoconjugates were then incubated with human anti-Gal antibodies on the ELISA plate. The plate was washed and incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated anti-human IgG antibody. 

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