3D joint angle

Keywords— 3D joint angle, 3D joint power, inverse dynamics, Euler/Cardanic angle, stair ascending. 

In this context, the hypothesis is that, it is hard to describe the difference of the gait strategy used between the obese and normal individuals due to the effect of the mechanics adaptations of the joint. Therefore, with the help of 3D joint angle interpretations, it is believed that, at the end of the day these phenomena can be successfully described and investigated. 

Fig. 4 Mean hip 3D joint angle ( SD) dimensionless on 60% of the gait cycle IFMBE Proceedings Vol. 35------------------------------------------------—-------------------...

The joint forces and moments were computed successively, respectively in the global reference frame and segment reference frame by means of bottom up inverse dynamics approach based on vectors and Cardanic angles. Then, the hip 3D joint moments were re-sampled on 60% of gait cycle and normalize to dimensionless value [2] ... 

The idea of the Fresnel reflector is to divide a curved reflector into segments and to move these segments to a single joint plane [132, 133]. Thus one is able to effectively reduce a 3D object to a thin (quasi-2D) object while keeping the identical optical path to that of the 3D object. For instance, if one starts a 3D body of revolution like, for instance, a parabolic reflective concentrator or a Winston cone, this body can be divided into a number of annular segments which are subsequently placed concentrically on a flat surface. This process is illustrated in Fig. 2.12a, where a curved body is cut into segments and placed on a surface. An incident beam reflects under the same angles as it would from the full 3D body. 

R. Dumas, L Cheeze, Hip and knee joints are more stabilized than driven during the stance phase of gait an analysis of the 3D angle between joint moment and joint angular velocity. Gait and Posture, 2008, 28, 243-250. 

---