13th group elements

The 13th group elements remarks about their general chemical properties and reactivity... 

ALLOYS OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE 13TH GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TABLE... 

Considering the overall compound formation capability of the various elements of the 13th group we notice a certain number of analogies between them, such as the compound formation with the metals at the left side of the Periodic Table (with the exception of A1 with the alkali metals), including lanthanides and actinides. 

Remarks on the crystal chemistry of the triel elements (Al, Ga, In, Tl). Tables 5.65a, 5.65b and 5.65c summarizes the crystal data of typical phases pertaining to the alloys of the 13th group. A few specific comments are in the following. 

An interesting related feature shown by several alloys of the more basic metals (alkali, alkaline earths) with many /5-block (13th, 14th, 15th groups) elements, and,... 

Uses. Large quantities of Sb metal have been used mainly in alloys with Pb (battery grids) and other metals. Alloys are the predominant use of antimony because its brittleness bars direct use. High purity antimony (>99.999%) has a limited but important application in the manufacture of semiconductor devices. When alloyed with elements of 13th group (IIIA), the III-V compounds are formed these have important applications as infrared devices, diodes and Hall effect devices. Also used for fireworks and thermoelectric piles. 

Many ternary alloys MeT2X2 (Me = Th, U, alkaline earth, rare earth metal, etc., T = Mn, Cr, Pt family metal, X = element of the 15th, 14th and occasionally 13th group) have been systematically prepared and investigated (Rossi cl al., 1979, Parthe and Chabot 1984). A few hundreds of them resulted in the ThCr2Si2 (or... 

Most of the boron group elements exhibit a tripositive (3+) oxidation state however, they can be occasionally found in a unipositive (1+) state (with the exception of boron itself, which we describe in more detail later in this chapter). Keep reading to find out the details of five of the Group 13 (the 13th column on the periodic table) elements boron, aluminum, gallium, indium, and thallium. 

Nowotny phases, chimney-ladder structures. The Nowotny chimney-ladder phases are an example in alloy field chemistry of composite structures. They are a series of intermetallic T X , compounds formed by transition metals T from the 4th to 9th groups with p-block elements X from the 13th to the 15th groups. 

A review about the Zintl phases has been published by Sevov (2002) from the introduction of this publication we quote a few remarks. It was preliminary observed that the number of Zintl phases has increased many-fold since Zintl s time and that the definition of a Zintl phase has never been very exact often compounds that include non-metals have been considered in this family. The paper by Sevov is mainly dedicated to clearly intermetallic Zintl phases (that is phases containing main group metals, semi-metals or semiconductors only). Attention has therefore been dedicated to compounds of alkali metals with the elements of the 13th, 14th and 15th groups (without B, Al, C, N and P). To this end the following definitions and statements have been considered. 

Stimulated emission (SE) and lasing effects are found in plasma of atoms of elements from the 13th and 14th groups of the periodic table. Atoms of A1 and In in laser-induced plasma both possess a three-level lasing system. In T1 plasma both... 

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