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By permission. Roots Division, Dresser Industries, Inc.

By placing a Toepler pump in a plastic container, spills are avoided and it s protected from an accidental bump.

By plotting standard and unknown signals, the effective dose can be calculated graphically.

By potential function method, a nonlinear problem can be converted to a linear problem for solution.

By products from the 4-fluoroaniline process

By projecting a vector in plane, we have the reduction of a point on a vector in 3-D space to a point on a vector in 1-D space.

By providing easy-to-use, self-discovering services representing domain knowledge methodology, the SORCER environment reduces integration and deployment costs, facilitate productivity, increases research collaboration, and advances the development and acceptance of secure and fault tolerant cross-diseiplinary eoneurrent engineering solutions

By randomly changing a 0 to a 1 in the candidate s DNA, we can effectively mutate the candidate structure such that an atom or ion moves to another grid point

By regarding a basic microring resonator as an optical circuit composed of a directional coupler and a curved waveguide , the characteristics of the microring resonator can be analyzed using simpler BPM code and transfer matrices instead of computation intensive FDTD simulation. Reprinted from Ref. 15 with permission. 2008 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

By removing linkers. The connection point to the framework or rings is indicated by a rectangular label composed of the letter B and the atom type that it is connected to. For instance, the BC label means a carbon connection point in the framework.

By resolution of df-amino acid esters under conditions of dynamic resolution 100 of a single enantiomer may be produced. Using catalytic amounts of pyiidoxyl-5-phosphate, which forms a Schiff s base with the ester and not the acid, the unreacted D-ester may be racemised in situ and for instance L-tyrosin has been obtained in 97 ee and 95 yield.

By rolling up a graphene sheet as a cylinder and capping each end of the eyiinder with half of a fullerene molecule, a fullerene-derived tubule, one layer in thickness, is formed. Shown here is a schematic theoretical model for a single-wall carbon tubule with the tubule axis OB see

By rotating the stopcock plug without proper support, torque is created on the stopcock. If the tension is great enough, the stopcock may break.

By several techniques and treatments, passing through several stages of

By simply measuring the increase in R123 fluorescence, we can estimate how many ROS are generated by solar irradiation. Using this quantification method, we found that UVB irradiation .

By starting from one circuit .

By substituting deuterium or fluorine for hydrogen, the absorption peak due to the vibration of the C-X bond is shifted to longer wavelengths, and the absorption intensity at a wavelength of interest is dramatically decreased . The effects of deuter-ation and fluorination on the reduction of the attenuation are clearly observed.

By successively refining metamodels, a family of closely related metamodels is created. For clarity, the metamodel transformations and the domain concepts introduced by refinement specifications of Figure 1 are not shown in this figure.

By superposition of only five Fourier components along the two principal axes we would see, that the light grey areas which link the black squares will start to disappear.

By swapping a section of l s and 0 s between two DNA strands, we can generate two new DNA strands. Each DNA strand represents a candidate structure

By symmetry, five

By symmetry, live

By tailoring the interfacial chemistry of the monolayer, it is possible to selectively sequester a variety of environmentally problematic metal species.

By taking a fast Fourier transform .

By taking the slope of the curve at any point, the shear rate may be calculated at that point. The maximum shear rate around the impeller periphery as well as the average shear rate around the impeller may also be calculated.



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