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Hypothetical free energy surfaces for the glycoside hydrolysis and transfer reactions, as inferred from TS analysis. Compared to the highly dissociative A Dn transition state for the non-enzymatic reaction appear to use opposite catalytic strategies in that they increase and decrease, respectively, the amount of oxocarbenium ion character in the ribosyl ring at the transition state.

Hypothetical free energy vs. reaction coordinate curves for proton transfer from four different acids, AxH, A2H, A3H, A4II, to base B. The Bronsted catalysis law presumes that the effects of structural change on the transition-state free energies will be some constant fraction of their effects on the overall free-energy changes.

Hypothetical free-energy diagram of a reaction.

Hypothetical frontside nucleophilic substitution II ECHANISM

Hypothetical fugacities of solute B dissolved in water, as a function of molality ofB.

Hypothetical fullereneyne C18o, which can be stabilized in principle by complexation at the five-membered rings with metal-ligand moieties.

Hypothetical functional organization of adrenal cortex. The circles represent independent secreting units.

Hypothetical general p-T phase diagram for two-state cooperative protein folding, according to . The stability decreases with increasing or decreasing temperature from the AS 0 line and with increasing or decreasing pressure from the AV 0 line. The shape of the ellipse depends very strongly on A a and ACp

Hypothetical generation of a carbene complex from a traditional metathesis catalyst system.

Hypothetical Gibb s free energy diagram for a pure Zr Rh and b Zr, Rh H. Note that the quantitative differences of the free energies for tJie phases are arbitrarily chosen but there is qualitative agreement with prelimary calculations using Miedema s model.

Hypothetical Gibbs energy of the initial state and the activated complex in organic and water solvent

Hypothetical graph of a discontinuous function

Hypothetical graph of a quadratic equation

Hypothetical growth sequence of a Ceo molecule. Source

Hypothetical growth sequence of a Cgo molecule.Pl

Hypothetical high-valent hydroxylating species for different monooxygenases. For the pterin monooxygenases, the N represents histidine residues coordinated to the catalyrtically active Fe in tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan hydroxylases . The two squares for cyttochrome F450 represent the porphyrin ring, and the represents a rr-radical delocalized over this ring.

Hypothetical history of the relationship between particle water content and particle temperature for successful spray drying of lactose-rich dairy powders.

Hypothetical homonuclear 2D-NMR spectta

Hypothetical host rock with streamlines and particle travel times for the H base case medium-density DFN with constant hydraulic aperture of 10 fjmj.

Hypothetical host rock with streamlines and particle travel times for the mean HM base case.

Hypothetical HPLC chromatogram.

Hypothetical HPLC EC detector potential response curve

Hypothetical hybrid graphene- based on the Lerf-Klinowski model, g-CN Is type material composed of regions ranging depicted as its tri-s-triazine-based allotrope. from g-CN to graphene, including B- and N- Defect holes are included in the structures of doped graphene and GeO. The GeO region is GeO and N-doped graphene.

Hypothetical hysteresis loops for polycrystalline films with the same chemical composition but with different textures.

Hypothetical ideal solution of unit molality.



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