Zirconium phosphonate viologens

Formation of SA monolayers of phospholipids [217,242] and surface-active viologens [244, 245] on gold substrates, those of long-chain zirconium-phosphonates on silicon substrates [243], and those of alkanethiols on gallium arsenide substrates [246] have also been reported. 

Snover, J.L. and Thompson, M.E., Synthesis and Study of Zirconium Viologen Phosphonate Thin-Films Containing Colloidal Platinum / Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 765. 

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