Zirconium hydrous polymers

Using a similar procedure, it was also possible to coat cationic and anionic latexes with zirconium hydrous oxide (145). On careful heating such powders in air at temperatures >500°C the core polymer was vaporized and the shell was calcined to yield hollow spheres of Zr02, as illustrated in Figure I.1.21B (145). 

Suzuki, T. M., Bomani, J. O., Matsunaga, H., Yokoyama T., Preparation of porous resin loaded with crystalline hydrous zirconium oxide and its application to the removal of arsenic. React. Fund. Polym. 2000, 43,165-172. 

Suzuki, T. M., Tanco, M. L., Tanaka, D. A. P., Yokoyama, T., Matsunaga, H., Yokoyama, T., Adsorption characteristic and removal of oxo-anions of arsenic and selenium on the porous polymers loaded with monoclinic hydrous zirconium oxide, Sep. Sci. Technol., 36, 2001,103-111. 

Merck in Japan has recently patented [16] a process for the production of water and weather-resistant pearlescent pigments produced by coating mica with hydrous zirconia. This is in many ways similar to processes operated in the titanium oxide industry and mentioned previously. The zirconium hydroxide aids dispersion and gives better compatibility with the polymer matrix that it is incorporated in. 

Following a brief review of the development of dynamic membranes and an overview of the current state of the art, Spencer (10) discusses dynamic polyblend membranes. In particular, he looks at the Influence that polymer selection and membrane preparation procedures have on membrane performance. Dynamic membranes composed of a poly(acrylic acid)/basic polyamine blend deposited on a ZOSS (hydrous zirconium oxide on stainless steel) ultrafiltration membrane are discussed. Their hyperfiltration or reverse osmosis properties are compared to the more traditional ZOPA (zirconium oxide plus poly(acrylic acid)) membrane. 

Ultraflltraiion membranes are commonly asymmetric (skinned) polymeric membranes prepared by the phase inversion process. Materials commercially made into membranes include cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, polysulfone. aramids, polyvinylidene fluoride, and nctylonitrile polymers and copolymers. Inorganic meni-braues of hydrous zirconium oxide deposited on a tubular carbon backing are also commercially available. 

The values of the thermodynamic quantities of CP-NOJ and SO -NOj anion exchanges on hydrous zirconia have been determined. The degree of hydration of zirconium precipitates and the extent of polymer formation in these hydrolysis products have been studied. Zirconium(iv) and haf-nium(iv) hydroxides have been shown by H n.m.r. spectral and acid-base titration studies to contain both OH and H2O groups the latter may be selectively removed by heating at 150°C. ... 

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