Zeeman energy splitting

The energy spacing A is essentially given by the electronic Zeeman energy split 0 with some reduced mass /x of the order of magnitude of one. If we assume N l we arrive at the following estimate of the quotient (k/A) ... 

The carbon-13 nucleus has a smaller magnetogyric ratio, so the Zeeman energy splitting is smaller. This results in a smaller bulk magnetization, and therefore the sensitivity of C NMR is poor. 

Zeeman energies of the ground and the excited states, respectively. The splitting of the 7 = 3/2 state Into two dotted lines In the middle panel indicates the effect of quadrupole splitting discussed earlier... 

VP-16 phenoxyl radicals [detection, 234, 632-637 reduction reactions in aqueous solution, 234, 638-640 reduction reactions in cell and nuclear homogenates, 234, 641-642] Zeeman energy of spin states, 246, 538, 593 zero-field splitting, 246,550-551. 

Such splitting is called zero field splitting and indicated as ZFS. It adds up to the Zeeman energy. In the spin-Hamiltonian formalism, i.e. when the effects of the orbital angular momentum are parameterized, it is indicated as... 

Figure 8.36. Energy level diagram showing the nuclear spin Zeeman energies for the 7Li and 79Br nuclei in LiBr. The nuclear g-factor for 7Li (3.256) is larger than that for 79Br (2.106). Each level shown is split into a further triplet by the rotational Zeeman interaction which removes the Mj threefold-degeneracy for J = 1.

In some physical situations, namely when the hyperfine energy is small compared to the nuclear Zeeman energy, then the hyperfine splitting is linear in (the projection magnitude of) matrix A for example, see Ref. 131. Then, provided that g is anisotropic (note Ref. 128 on this point), one can detect asymmetry of A directly from EPR line-position measurement see below. 

The energy splitting of the a- and p-spins is called "Zeeman splitting and the energy difference between them "Zeeman energy". The ESR transition between the two levels occurs at the microwave frequency of v. 

ESR studies as applied to micellar systems rely on the sensitivity of a free radical probe to its microenvironment. Molecular species with a free electron posses labeled intrinsic angular momentum (spins), which in an external magnetic field undergoes Zeeman splitting. For a system with 5 = 1/2, two Zeeman energy levels are possible whose energy gap (AE) is given by ... 

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