Zawacki

Arends, J., J. Christoffersen, M. R. Christoffersen, H. Eckert, B. O. Fowler, J. C. Heughebaert, G. H. Nancollas, J. P. Yesinowski, and S. J. Zawacki (1987), "A Calcium Hydroxyapatite Precipitated from an Aqueous Solution An International Multimethod Analysis", J. Crystal Growths4, 515-532. 

Precipitation can occur if a water is supersaturated with respect to a solid phase however, if the growth of a thermodynamically stable phase is slow, a metastable phase may form. Disordered, amorphous phases such as ferric hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and allophane are thermodynamically unstable with respect to crystalline phases nonetheless, these disordered phases are frequently found in nature. The rates of crystallization of these phases are strongly controlled by the presence of adsorbed ions on the surfaces of precipitates (99). Zawacki et al. (Chapter 32) present evidence that adsorption of alkaline earth ions greatly influences the formation and growth of calcium phosphates. While hydroxyapatite was the thermodynamically stable phase under the conditions studied by these authors, it is shown that several different metastable phases may form, depending upon the degree of supersaturation and the initiating surface phase. 

Heimbach D, Luterman A, Burke J, Cram A, Herndon D, Hunt J, Jordan M, McManus W, Solem L, Warden G, Zawacki B (1988) Ann Surg 208 313... 

Submitted by Michael T. Crimmins, David G. Washburn, and Frank J. Zawacki.1 Checked by Michelle Pacholec and Steven Wolff. 

MT Crimmins, S Huang and LE Guise-Zawacki, Tetrahedron Lett., 1996, 37, 6519. 

Qingwu Jin repeated Zawacki s synthesis but the overall yields to the macrocycle were too low to continue further studies.30 Jin developed another route that closed the macrocycle via Troger s base formation (Scheme 4). The Troger s base diol was used as a starting material. 

Gantz NM, Zawacki JK, Dickerson WJ, Bartlett JG. Pseudomembranous colitis associated with erythromycin. Ann Intern Med 1979 91(6) 866-7. 

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