XPS Spectra of Calcined and Reduced Catalyst

The XPS spectra of Pd 3d5 for the calcined and reduced catalysts are displayed in Fig. 11.9 [15]. The binding energy of the catalyst calcined and reduced Pd/Al203 are 336.8 and 335.4 eV, respectively, attributed to PdO and metallic Pd. The peaks 

The theoretical Pd/Al ratio calculated for Pd/Al203 catalyst is 5 x 10 . When compared to the total amount of Palladium, it shows that 22 % lays at the surface and 52.7 % was reduced. After reduction, the decrease of Pd/Al values is associated to sintering under hydrogen atmosphere [12], 

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