Xanthid crabs

TTXs Vibrio fischeri-like Xanthid crab (Atergatis floridus) 35, 31... 

Occasional outbreaks of fatal crab poisoning have been known to occur in the Philippines (24) and Singapore (25). lamination of three xanthid crabs, Lophozo-zymus pictor, Demania alcalai, and D. reynaudii, resulted in identification of... 

Raj, U., et al., The occurrence of paralytic shellfish toxins in two species of xanthid crab from Suva barrier reef, Fiji Islands, Toxicon, 21, 4, 547, 1983. 

Tsai, Y., Jeng, S. and Hwang, D., Seasonal and regional variations of toxicity in the Xanthid crab, Zosimus aeneus, in Taiwan, Fisheries Sci., 63, 2, 313, 1997. 

The infrared (IR) spectrum of purified palytoxin or its congener shows a band at 1670 cm due to the presence of an a, P-unsaturated amide carbonyl group (Moore and Scheuer 1971). Similar IR data have also been obtained for purified palytoxin both from P. caribaeorum (Beress et al. 1983) and from the xanthid crab Lophozozymuspictor (Tan and Lau 2000). 

Implicated sources (shellfish) are mussels, clams, scallops, univalve mollusks, starfish, xanthid crabs, sand crabs, and turban shells. 

Llewellyn, L. E., Dodd, M. J., Robertson, A., Ericson, G., de Koning, C. and Negri, A. P. Postmortem analysis of samples from a human victim of a fatal poisoning caused by the xanthid crab, Zosimus aeneus, Toxicon, 40, 1463-1469 (2002). 

Llewellyn, L.E., 1997. Haemolymph protein in xanthid crabs Its selective binding of saxitoxin and possiblerole in toxin bioaccumulation. Mar. Biol., 128 599-606. 

Yasumoto, T., Yasumura, D., Ohizumi, Y, Takahashi, M., Acala, A.C., and Alcala, A.L. Palytoxin in two species of Xanthid crab from the Philippines, Agric. Biol. Chem., 50, 163-167, 1986. 

In Taiwan, xanthid crabs A.floridus, A. germaini, D. reynaudi, Z. aeneus, Xanthias lividus, and L. pictor were reported as TTX as well as PSP-bearing... 

Arakawa, O., Noguchi, T., Shida, Y., and Onoue, Y. 1994. Occurrence of 11-oxotetrodotoxin and ll-nortetrodotoxin-6R-ol in a xanthid crab Atergatis floridus collected at Kojima, Ishigaki Island. Fish. Sci 60, 769-771. 

Daigo, K., Uzu, A., Arakawa, O., Noguchi, T., Seto, H., and Hashimoto, K. 1985. Isolation and some properties of neosaxitoxin from a xanthid crab Zosimus aeneus. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 51, 309-313. 

Tsai, Y.H., Hwang, D.F., Chai, T.J., and Jeng, S.S. 1997a. Toxicity and toxin components of two xanthid crabs, Atergatis floridus and Demarda reynaudi in Taiwan. Toxicon 35, 1327-1335. 

Tsai, Y.H., Jeng, S.S., and Hwang, D.F. 1997b. Seasonal and regional variation of toxicity in the xanthid crab Zosimus aeneus in Taiwan. Fish. Sci. 63, 313-314. 

Carbamoyl-A-hydroxy-STX from xanthid crab Zosimus aeneus [166] n -H -H -H -OH ... 

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