What are Bonds

What are some commonly used nonpolar bonded phases for reversed-phase HPLC What are bonded polar phases for normal-phase chromatography ... 

Molecular structure is best represented in terms of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanical calculations are quite difficult. Therefore, approximation methods have been evolved which are result of mathematical simplifications. Molecular orbitals are centered around all the nuclei present in the molecule. Relative stabilities of molecules depend upon how electrons are distributed in them. In order to understand molecular symmetry it is essential to understand wave equations, phases of waves originated by the movement of electrons if we consider them as waves and also what are bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals. 

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