Wenzel equation

For not too rough surfaces2 we can describe the effect of surface roughness by the so-called Wenzel equation [260] ... 

WolanskyG, Marmur A. (1999) Apparent contact angles on rough surfaces the wenzel equation revisited. Colloids Surf A 156 381-388. 

Two simple equations in the literature are sometimes cited as accounting for hysteresis. The first is the Wenzel equation ... 

Fig. 6. Effect of roughness on contact angle A, maximum and minimum angle B, Wenzel equation (lower) and Cassie and Baxter equation (upper) 6, and 6 possible receding and advancing angles (Ref. )...

As stated, the Young equation is only valid for solid, ideal, and smooth surfaces thus the wetting behavior of a rough surface is described by the Wenzel equation (Equation 10.18) ... 

Wetting, Lotus effect, super-hydrophobicity, water repellence, contact angle, Wenzel equation, Cassie-Baxter equation, roU-off angle... 

To probe to the superhydrophobic behavior, Wenzel [18] and Cassie [19] models have placed emphasis on the geometrical structure of solid surfaces which acts as a crucial factor in determining the hydrophobicity. First, a rough material has a higher surface area than a smooth one, which increases its hydrophobicity (Wenzel model) second, air may be trapped in the rough surface, which also enhances the hydrophobicity because the drop is then partially sitting on air (Cassie model) [20, 21]. Typically, the Wenzel equation is a simple model to characterize the influ-... 

Surface morphology can also affect the detachment of a gas bubble. Equation 4 is only suitable for a clean, smooth surface. When a water droplet completely wets a rough surface, the effect of roughness on the contact angle is given by the Wenzel equation [11] ... 

Let L and I be the upper and the lower limiting lengths of the fractal behavior, respectively. Then the Wenzel equation can be expressed by [44]... 

Keywords Wenzels equation, Cassies equation, contact angle hysteresis,... 

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