Weld Fatigue Improvement Techniques

Weld fatigue improvement technique are basically based on one or more of the following mechanisms 

As to point 1, the toe of the weld bead is the most critical point as crack starter because of its concentration factor that can be quite high in case of bad welds with large reinforcement or sharp corners. 

With reference to the geometries and symbols of Hg. 12.18, Niu and Glinka [22] proposed a stress concentration factor for the notch-like toe given by 

---