Water, confined geometries

The model has been successfully used to describe wetting behavior of the microemulsion at the oil-water interface [12,18-20], to investigate a few ordered phases such as lamellar, double diamond, simple cubic, hexagonal, or crystals of spherical micelles [21,22], and to study the mixtures containing surfactant in confined geometry [23]. 

For review see R. A. Baragiola in Water in Confining Geometries, edited by V. Buch and J. P. Devlin, Springer Series in Cluster Physics (Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 2003), pp. 359-395. 

V. Buch, J.P. Devlin, Eds. Water in Confining Geometries (Springer, Berlin, 2002)... 

Independently vibrating water molecules were used to explain the INS from a series of A-type zeolites. Sharp transitions appeared at low frequencies in the lithium, 63 cm", and sodium, 29 cm", zeolites but the potassium and calcium zeolites showed no bands at all in this region [14]. The relatively sharp features of the INS spectrum of ZSM-5 with low water content gave way at higher water content to broader, less structured spectra. The spectra resembled ice Ih in form, see below, but had distinctly different librational band frequencies. Whereas, in ice these bands are at about 600 cm , in the ZSM-5-water system they appear about 500 cm and about 400 cm in leucite-water [15]. A similar frequency drop is also seen in the INS of water, ca 3%, on silica gel [16]. This is related to the earlier observation that the more open the structure of bulk water in a material then the lower will be the librational band frequencies [17]. The structural aspects of water in confined geometries has been reviewed recently [18]. 

J. Dore (2000). Chem. Phys., 258, 327-347. Structural studies of water in confined geometry by neutron diffraction. 

The influence of the lyotropic morphology on polymerization rates was studied for a variety of monomers with different polarity and amphiphiUcity [54] in lyotropic phases of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in water. The confined geometry of the resulting aggregates has a strong impact on the local monomer concentration and diffusion properties and therefore also on the polymerization kinetics. 

Tobias DJ, Kuo IW, Razmara A, Tarek M Protein hydration water. In Water in Confining Geometries. Edited hy Devhn JP, Buch V Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2003, pp. 213-225. 

Zangi, R. 2004. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. Water confined to a slab geometry A review of recent computer simulation studies. 16 S5371. 

M. Sega, R. Vallauri, S. Melchionna, Diffusion of water in confined geometry The case of a multilamellar bilayer, Phys. Rev. E 72(2005)041201. 

Fig. 1.48 Examples of differential aeration cells (a) and (b) Differential aeration cells formed by the geometry of a drop of NaCl solution on a steel surface (c) differential aeration cells formed by the geometry of a vertical steel plate partly immersed in a NaCl solution. Increasing concentrations of Na2 CO3 decrease the anodic area (d) until at a sufficient concentration attack is confined to the water line (e) (/) shows the membrane of corrosion products formed at water...

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