VZV

Varizella zoster vitus (VZV) is a highly contagious herpesvirus causing chickenpox upon primary infection. After recovery, the vims stays dormant in nerve roots. Weakening of the immune system, e.g. in people over the age of 60 or under immunosuppressive therapy, can lead to reactivation of VZV. This recurrence causes shingles (herpes zoster), a painful rash that develops in a well-defined band corresponding to the area enervated by the affected nerve cells. 

Carbocyclic gnanosine analogues have been described to inhibit HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, CMV, and/or other herpesviruses [viz. HHV-6 (human herpesvirus type 6)],... 

VZV radiculopathy or myeloradiculopathy AIDS Acute Lumbosacral pain saddle anesthesia rapidly progressive flaccid paraparesis VZV infection Schwann ceU-endothelial cells infection... 

Patients who are HSV- or VZV-seronegative prior to HCT rarely develop primary HSV or VZV infection therefore, prophylactic antivirals are not warranted. Patients who are HSV-antibody-seropositive before HCT are at high risk for reactivation of their... 

In those with a history of VZV infection, VZV disease occurs in 30% of allogeneic HCT recipients.91 The appropriate duration of VZV prophylaxis is controversial.8 Although VZV infections are reduced by prophylactic acyclovir (800 mg twice daily), administered from 1 to 2 months until 1 year after HCT, the risk of VZV persists in those on continued immune suppression.91... 

It is convenient to split this interaction into two parts the interaction with the intramolecular vibrations and with the nearest medium molecules, Vzv, and the interaction with the rest of the solvent, VzP, which may be described in terms of the inertial polarization per unit volume P(r) ... 

Toxoplasma gondii Mycobacterium avium complex Varicella zoster virus (VZV)... 

Significant exposure to chicken pox or shingles for patients who have no history of either condition or, if available, negative antibody to VZV... 

Access to modified nucleosides. Base-modified nucleosides and nucleotides are very important for their biological properties. They can be found as antiviral agents (HBH, VZV, AIDS),93 95 in the study of DNA degradation,96,97 as fluorescent agents and as chemical probes of DNA structure.98 101 The access to nucleosides can be achieved by different methods ... 

Over the past years, synthetic base-modified nucleosides and nucleotides have displayed important impact in diverse fields. Their biological properties have found application as antiviral tools against hepatitis virus (HBV), herpes virus (VZV) and human immunodeficiency (HIV).94,95,136 Many of those compounds exhibit antiproliferative, antibiotic and antifungal activities and some have been used as probes for DNA damages96,97,137 as well as in the anti-sense approach and DNA-probe technology with fluorescence properties.99... 

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Zostavax is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster in individuals 60 years or older. It is supplied in frozen lyophilized form and reconstituted before vaccination. The vaccine boosts VZV-specific immunity and protects individuals against zosters and its complications. 

The 9-alkoxyguanine 998 has potent and selective antiherpes virus activity. The racemic guanine derivative 1003 showed potent and selective activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, but was less active against varicella zoster virus (VZV). Its antiviral activity is attributable to the S... 

However, the nucleoside analogue 164 was found to be devoid of activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and the cytomegalovirus (CMV) in human fibroblast (MRC-5) cells. In this case the decreased conformational flexibility resulting from the introduction of the cyclopropyl group into 164 appeared to be unfavourable for interaction with the enzymes involved (vide supra. Sect. 2.9) [222]. Likewise, the cyclopropylpyrimidine 166c-f and 167, the cyclopropyl-purine nucleosides 168 showed no antiviral activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, HCMV and HIV-1 in cell culture, Eq. (66) [223]. 

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection Treatment of neonatal herpes infections. Parenteral Treatment of initial and recurrent mucosal and cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV)-I and -2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV/shingles) infections in immunocompromised patients. 

Pharmacology A synthetic purine nucleoside analog, acyclovir has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV (shingles). 

Pharmacology Valacyclovir is the hydrochloride salt of L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir, which has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In cell culture, acyclovir has the highest antiviral activity against HSV-1, followed by (in decreasing order of potency) HSV-2 and VZV. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DMA in 3 ways 1) Competitive inhibition of viral DMA polymerase 2) incorporation and termination of... 

In addition, and independent of the quotient patterns, IgG and IgA quotients are needed to calculate the most sensitive detection of intrathecal synthesis of specific antibodies for the diagnostics of certain diseases (e.g., VZV-induced infections). Experience indicates that the CSF data s helpfulness to physicians is directly proportional to the physician s clinical expertise (F4, R4) (see Sections 3.2.3. and 3.2.5). 

In HSV and VZV, the most common mechanism of resistance to acyclovir involves mutations that result in decreased thymidine kinase activity. Therefore, these viral mutants exhibit cross-resistance to other antiviral agents that require thymidine kinase activation, such... 

Acyclovir reduces the extent and duration of VZV lesions in adults and children, although higher doses are required than for the treatment of HSV infection. Although not recommended for the routine treatment of uncomplicated varicella in children, acyclovir may be used for chickenpox treatment and prophylaxis in high-risk individuals. Acyclovir accelerates healing in patients with herpes zoster (shingles), but it does not affect postherpetic neuralgia. 

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