Vulnerable electrode technology

An electrode pair is a sensor. Experience shows that in many cases the electrodes are the most vulnerable part of bioimpedance/electricity equipment. Perhaps 85% of problems are due to electrodes and their wires/cables. The demands on electrodes may be special and 

Electrodes are to be in stable contact with the patient and cannot be so well protected as a more remote electronic instrumentation box. 

Electrode fixation to the patient deteriorates with use. Sticky contact gel may dry out and gradually loose contact or have unstable contact generating noise in the measurement. Usefiil remedies are silicon belts, plasters also on each electrode, rubber bands, and rings. 

Insensitive to outside pressure to the electrode Electroljrte squeezed out on the skin 

If electrode connections to the instrument are by wires, these wires are very exposed. Also such wires may send out or receive disturbing signals (antenna effect). 

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