Viscosity Young equation

Subunits of myosin. Hanafusa (97.,98) found that isolated rabbit myosin and HMM underwent denaturation when cooled to temperatures ranging from -10° to -196°C followed by immediate thawing. Denaturation was measured by an increase in viscosity, change in absorbance at 278 nm and change in the optical rotatory dispersion coefficients, a0 and b0, in the Moffit-Young equation. The absolute value of b0 decreased while that of a0 increased with a decrease in the freezing temperature. 

It may be assumed that under the action of a shear stress the polymer coil with the solvent enclosed by it behaves like an Einsteinian sphere, and hence, the viscosity of polymer solution should obey Eg. (3.141) for noninteracting spherical particles. Noninteraction of the polymer coils requires infinite dilution. Mathematically this is achieved by defining a quantity called the intrinsic viscosity, [77], according to equation (Young and Lovell, 1990) ... 

The viscosity equation is usually generalized to Young or shear modulus G (Guth and Gold, 1938 Medalia, 1973 Smallwood, 1944) ... 

Let s now use the reptation model to find the viscosity 77 of a polymer melt. We are going to use Equation (12.7) along with estimates (12.8) and (12.13) of Young s modulus E and the longest relaxation time r. This gives ... 

At low degrees of deformation, the increase rubber rigidity, due to the use of reinforcing agent, can be calculated using the classical equations that describe the increase of viscosity of a liquid within which solid particles have been introduced. Young modulus, expressed as stress to strain ratio, increases in the presence of fillers with a coefficient X, so called deformation increase [1187, 1188]. 

Elastic modulus or Young modulus are frequently used to characterize filled sys-Einstein s viscosity equation modified by Guth and Gold predicts ... 

Although the models developed here are to be visualized in tension, the notation used is for pure shear (viscometric) deformation. The equations are equally applicable to tensile deformation by replacing the shear stress t with the tensile stress cr, the shear strain y with the tensile strain e, Hooke s modulus G with Young s (tensile) modulus E, and the Newtonian (shear) viscosity rj with the elongational (Trouton) viscosity tje. 

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