Virus electrode

Synthesis of a Virus Electrode for Measurement of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen... 

Dip the virus-modified electrode in wash buffer for further EIS measurements (see Note 14, construction of virus electrode shown in Fig. 2A, B). 

Mix the target to an appropriate dilution with the wash buffer to provide a 500 pL solution for measurement by the virus electrode. 

Dip the virus electrode into the analyte solution, and shake for lh at room temperature (Fig. 2C-E for analytes n-Ab, PSMA, and p-Ab, respectively). 

Fig. 2. Virus electrode construction (A) M13 phage is covalently tethered to a self-assembled monolayer of NHS-TE, through formation of amide bonds between free amines on the phage and the activated carboxylate. (B) Gaps in the monolayer and unreacted NHS esters are capped with BSA. (C) A control experiment is first performed by reacting with n-Ab. (D) PSMA is added next to bind molecular recognition scaffolds on the surface of the phage (hooks). (E) Last, p-Ab can react with the virus electrode.

Oxidizing Virus Electrode with Cyclic Voltammetry to Test Surface Passivation... 

Flame anneal the home-made Pt flat counter electrode with a propane torch, and rinse with nanopure water. Assemble, and glue the Pt counter electrode to the virus electrode as depicted in Fig. 1C. 

Dip the counter and working electrode in wash buffer solution immediately, and avoid drying the virus electrode. (Caution if dry, make a new virus electrode.)... 

All electrochemical impedance spectra were acquired using two electrodes The virus electrode and the platinum counter electrode. The four electrode leads from the potentiostat were, therefore, paired as follows The sense electrode and working electrode connections were applied to the virus electrode the reference electrode and counter electrode were applied to the counter electrode. 

Yang LMC, Tam PY, Murray NJ, Mclntire TM, Overstreet CM, Weiss GA, Penner RM (2006) Virus electrodes for universal biodetection. Anal Chem 78 3265-3270... 

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