Viral vectors integrin

Jenkins RG, Herrick SE, Meng Q-H, Kinnon C, Laurent GJ, McAnulty RJ, Hart SL. An integrin-taigeted non-viral vector for pulmonary gene therapy. Gene Ther 2000 7 393 00. 

Adenovirus vectors are known to be taken into cells by endocytosis and to be released from endosomes by a well regulated process, assumed to be highly efficient [84]. It is therefore somewhat surprising that PCI is able to increase the number of adenoviral transduced cells by up to 30-fold. Nevertheless, PCI with adenoviral vectors has been tested in several different cell lines, and in all cases improved transduction has been observed [85]. The adenovirus activated by means of PCI seems to follow the same cellular pathways as for conventional adenovims infection, i.e., the fraction of transduced cells followed a linear relationship with the Coxsackie and Adenoviral Receptor (CAR) level of the cells and is integrin dependent. Furthermore, PCI increase the number of nuclearly located viral DNA molecules as measured by real-time PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [86]. The results so far indicate that the main cause of the PCI effect on transduction with adenovirus is related to enhanced release of the viral particles from the endocytic vesicles into the cytosol. In accordance with what has been found for PCI of plasmids the adenovirus may be delivered after the photochemical treatment (unpublished results). However, adenovirus may be delivered up to 12 h after the photochemical treatment, which is longer than what is effective for PCI of plasmids [43, 87]. 

---