Viper European

In the UK, the adder (Vipera berus) represents the only indigenous poisonous snake and adder antivenin preparations are termed Zagreb antisera . European viper venom antisera contain antibodies capable of neutralizing the venoms of one or more species of viper Vipera ammodytes, V. aspis, V. berus and V. ursinii). In many instances, antivenin preparations are polyvalent in nature. This is particularly helpful in cases where the victims are unsure of which snake actually bit them. 

Zagreb antivenin European viper venom antisera Polyvalent Crotalidae antivenin Micrurus fulvius antivenin Australian polyvalent antivenins Adder bites One or more species of viper Any one of four species of pit viper (including Western diamond back and South American rattlesnake Eastern coral snake Micrurus fulvius) Any one or combination of black snake, brown snake, death adder, taipan and tiger snake... 

Several snake species contributed the venom used by the Scythians, including the steppe viper Vipera ursinii renardi, the Caucasus viper Vipera kasnakovi, the European adder Vipera berus, and the long-nosed or sand viper Vipera ammodytes transcaucasiana. In ancient India, one of the most feared poisons was derived from the rotting flesh and venom of the white-headed Purple Snake, described by the natural historian Aelian (third century ad). His detailed description suggests that the Purple Snake was the rare. 

Common Name(s) European Viper Bitis Gabonica... 

The 1746 London Pharmacopoeia was the last in which Mithridatium and Galene appear they were absent from the 1788 edition. The Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia, first published in 1699, dropped Mithridatium and Galene from the 1756 edition. Not all western European countries were so quick to expunge these formulations, for Galene with its vipers appears in the German Pharmacopoeia of 1872 and in the French Pharmacopoeia of 1884. 

Table 2. Kinetic parameters in patients envenomed by European vipers. T min is the time elapsed between the bite and the first sampling. Cmax is the maximal concentration detected. T1/2 is the half-life calculated as 0.693/p...

Audebert, F., Grosselet, O., Sabouraud, A. and Bon, C. (1993) Quantitation of venom antigens from European vipers in human serum or urine by ELISA. J. Anal Toxicol 17, 236-240. 

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