View of stakeholders and key supply chain members

Origins As a method of agricultural production, originating in the 1930s As a description of trade between the developed and developing worlds, becoming widely used in the 1990s 

Focus Focus on agricultural production systems that utilise biological rather than chemical inputs Focus on people s working conditions, especially in the developing world 

Development Not a development issue but concerned with sustainability of farming systems A development issue and may contribute to livelihood enhancement 

Standards Universal production standards, assured through accreditation and inspection No universal standards. Voluntary codes of conduct and self-regula-tion becoming more common 

Certification Yes, based on regulation by the state. Assured by legally registered labelling symbols on marketed produce Yes for fair trade no for ethical. No legal status for ethical claims on marketed produce 

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