Vertically aligned nematic displays

M. F. Schiekel and K. Fahrenschon, Multicolor Matrix Displays Based on Deformation of Vertically Aligned Nematic Liquid Crystal Phases, Digest 1972 Soc. for Information Display International Symp., San Francisco, Calif., p. 98. 

S. H. Lee, K. H. Park, J. S. Gwag, et al., A multimode-type transfleetive liquid crystal display using the hybrid-aligned nematic and parallel-mbbed vertically aUgned modes, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., part 1, 42, 5127 (2003). 

When a discotic liquid crystal is sandwiched between two substrates (or exposed to air), the direction of the uniaxial axis can be controlled by alignment layers, external electric fields, and chiral dopants [46,47]. It is therefore possible to develop discotic compensation films with spatially varied uniaxial axis orientations. For example, Fuji Photo Film Co. developed discotic compensation films for TN LCDs. In both the TN display and discotic compensation film, the liquid crystal directors vary in the vertical direction. Each layer of nematic liquid crystal with a certain director orientation is compensated by a layer of discotic liquid crystal with the same director orientation. 

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