Velocity suspension

Usually, the following two values are used m = 1 (Kynch s formula) and m = 2 (Hawksley s formula). It was shown in [78] that the value m = 1 corresponds to the one-velocity suspension model, and to = 2 to the two-velocity model, which is considered as two interpenetrating continuous phases with different velocity fields. Since the second model is more precise, the estimates obtained by formula (2.9.20) with m = 2 are preferable. 

N. (2010) Microstructure and in-vitro behaviour of a novel high-velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) bioactive glass coating. Surf. Coat. Technol., 205 (4), 1145-1149. 

High Velocity Suspension Flame Spraying (HVSFS)... 

Gadow, R., Killinger, A., and Rauch, J. (2008) New results in high velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS). Surf. Coat. Technol., 202 (18), 4329-4336. 

Stiegler, N., Bellucci, D., Bolelli, G., Cannillo, V., Gadow, R., Killinger, A., Lusvarghi, L., and Sola, A. (2012) High-velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) hydroxyapatite coatings for biomedical applications. / Therm. Spray Technol., 21 (2), 275 — 287. 

High velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) hydroxyapatite coatings for biomedical applications, in Advanced Ceramic Coatings and Materials for... 

For assessing the accuracy of the reduced model, the dynamic response of the reduced model is compared to the one of the full model. The reduced model has only three states however, the eliminated unsprung mass velocity state can still be computed from the remaining three states. The predictions of all states of the reduced model are similar to those of the fiill model. The error, s, for each of the four state variables, sprung mass velocity, unsprung mass velocity, suspension deflection, and tire deflection, is 1.17,1.41,0.08, and 0.25%, respectively. The accuracy of the unsprung mass velocity is the worst, since the state associated with this variable is eliminated from the reduced model. 

For materials that are abrasive, alternatives to conventional systems may have to be considered in order to reduce damage to the conveying system, particularly if the materials are not naturally capable of being conveyed in the dense phase mode, and hence at low velocity. A similar situation applies to materials that are friable, for considerable damage can occur to the conveyed particles. Particle degradation can occur in high velocity suspension flow, and erosion of bends in the pipeline and other plant surfaces subject to particle impact will occur if an abrasive material is conveyed in dilute phase. 

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