Varicella zoster virus

Viruses are a common cause of CAP in children (-65%) and much less common in adults ( 15%).8 Viruses often associated with pneumonia in adults include influenza A and B and adenoviruses, whereas less common causes include rhinoviruses, enteroviruses, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, herpes simplex virus, and others. In children, viral pneumonia is caused more commonly by respiratory syncyntial virus, influenza A virus, and parainfluenza virus. The viruses associated with CAP in adults are much less common causes of pneumonia in children. [Pg.1050]

Later in life, approximately 15% of the population will develop herpes zoster. Herpes zoster is the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus in the sensory ganglia. Approximately 20% of persons with herpes zoster will develop post-herpetic neuralgia, which is a painful debilitating condition that can persist for months after resolution of the herpes zoster rash. [Pg.1246]

The varicella vaccine is made up of an attenuated Oka strain of varicella zoster virus. This is a live attenuated vaccine. Attenuation was achieved by performing serial passages through human embryonic lung cells, embryonic guinea pig cells, and human diploid cells. [Pg.1246]

Children less than 12 years of age will have a 97% seroconversion rate following a single vaccination. Adolescents and adults more than 13 years old will only have 78% seroconversion after a single inoculation, but will have 99% conversion after the second vaccination administered 4 to 8 weeks after the first. Antibody titers appear to persist for at least 20 years following immunization. Despite excellent seroconversion rates, breakthrough chickenpox is reported at a rate of 1 case per 10,000 doses distributed. Most cases occurred within the first year following vaccination, and were due to wild-type varicella zoster virus. The majority of breakthrough cases were mild and of short duration.12... [Pg.1247]

Berkowitz FE, Levin MJ. Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed directly on fixed infected cell monolayers for evaluating drugs against varicella-zoster virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1985 28 207-210. [Pg.86]

The answer is c. (Katzung, pp 827-828J Famciclovir is active against herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses. It is activated by a viral kinase to a triphosphate. The triphosphate is a competitive substrate for DNA polymerase The incorporation of the famciclovir triphosphate into viral DNA results in chain termination. [Pg.85]

Toxoplasma gondii Mycobacterium avium complex Varicella zoster virus (VZV)... [Pg.460]

Minson, A. C., Alphaherpesviruses herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infection, In Topley and Wilson s Microbiology And Microbial Infections, 9th edn. Mahy, B. Collier, L., Eds. Arnold, London, 1998, Vol. 1, 325 339... [Pg.294]

Irwin, M. et al., Cellular immunity to varicella-zoster virus in patients with major depression, J. Infect. Dis., 178 Suppl 1, S104, 1998. [Pg.523]

Oil-wet reservoirs, 73 614 Oily-soil detergency, 3 433-437 Ointments, ophthalmic, 73 716 Oka/Merck varicella-zoster virus, 25 496-497... [Pg.644]

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) Zostavax is a live attenuated varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine for the prevention of herpes zoster in individuals 60 years or older. It is supplied in frozen lyophilized form and reconstituted before vaccination. The vaccine boosts VZV-specific immunity and protects individuals against zosters and its complications. [Pg.106]

Averett, D.R., Koszalka, G.W., Fyfe, J.A., Roberts, G.B., Purifoy, D.J.M. and Krenitsky, T.A., 6-Methoxypurine arabinoside as a selective and potent inhibitor of varicella-zoster virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 1991, 35, 851-857. [Pg.74]

Shingles herpes zoster, infection due to the re-activation of the latent varicella zoster virus Status epilepticus occurrence of continuous seizures Striae scars in the skin... [Pg.357]

The 9-alkoxyguanine 998 has potent and selective antiherpes virus activity. The racemic guanine derivative 1003 showed potent and selective activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2, but was less active against varicella zoster virus (VZV). Its antiviral activity is attributable to the S... [Pg.165]

Pharmacology Ganciclovir, a synthetic guanine derivative active against CMV, is an acyclic nucleoside analog of 2 -deoxyguanosine that inhibits replication of herpes viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Sensitive human viruses include CMV, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-I and -2, herpes virus type 6, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and hepatitis B virus. [Pg.1744]

Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection Treatment of neonatal herpes infections. Parenteral Treatment of initial and recurrent mucosal and cutaneous herpes simplex virus (HSV)-I and -2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV/shingles) infections in immunocompromised patients. [Pg.1752]

Pharmacology Valacyclovir is the hydrochloride salt of L-valyl ester of the antiviral drug acyclovir. Valacyclovir is rapidly converted to acyclovir, which has in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types I (HSV-1) and II (HSV-2), and varicella-zoster virus (VZV). In cell culture, acyclovir has the highest antiviral activity against HSV-1, followed by (in decreasing order of potency) HSV-2 and VZV. In vitro, acyclovir triphosphate stops replication of herpes viral DMA in 3 ways 1) Competitive inhibition of viral DMA polymerase 2) incorporation and termination of... [Pg.1764]

WraZ/nfecf/on. Treatment with tacrolimus ointment may be associated with an increased risk of varicella zoster virus infection (chicken pox or shingles), herpes simplex virus infection, or eczema herpeticum. [Pg.2068]

Polyspecific Response Associated with CNS Autoimmune Diseases. The oligoclonal, intrathecally synthesized IgG contains numerous specific antibodies and autoantibodies. Antibodies are frequently found with specificities against measles, the rubella virus and the varicella-zoster virus, but seldom against the herpes simplex virus. The occurrence of one, two, or three of these antibodies is referred to as the MRZ reaction. The corresponding antigens are not present in these cases. The MRZ reaction is typical of multiple sclerosis as well as cerebral lupus erythematosus and is a chronically evolving immune process (F5, KIO, S16). [Pg.27]

Varicella-zoster virus immunoglobulin Human Specificity for causative agent of chicken pox... [Pg.406]

The specific antiviral agents used to treat cutaneous infections caused by herpes simplex and varicella zoster viruses are discussed in Chapter 50. [Pg.492]

Rajan P and Rivers JK. Varicella zoster virus Recent advances in management. Can Fam Physician 2001 47 2299-2304. [Pg.583]

Unlabeled Uses Treatment of acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, foscarnet-resistant CMV, ganciclovir-resistant CMV, varicella-zoster virus... [Pg.263]

Mechanism of Action A synthetic nucleoside that inhibits viral DNA synthesis. Therapeutic Effect Suppresses replication of herpes simplex virus and varicella-zoster virus. [Pg.483]

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