Valence magnetic susceptibility

Lanthanides with fractional valences have II, III and IV valences, as well as mixed II/III and III/IV valences. Depending on temperature and pressure, the degree of oxidation can change. This effect may result in a change in the different properties of nanoparticles, such as the stability, heat capacity, conductivity and magnetic susceptibility [218]. Valence fluctuation phenomena have been reported to occur... 

When discussing the electrical conductivity of metals, we described them in terms of ionic cores and delocalised valence electrons. The core electrons contribute a diamagnetic term to the magnetic susceptibility, but the valence electrons can give rise to paramagnetism or one of the cooperative effects we have described. 

The lattice parameters of PrNi2B2C (Siegrist et al. 1994b, see fig. 29) fit well the linear relationship derived for the other rare earth based borocarbides (except CeNi2B2C). Therefore the valence state of Pr in PrNi2B2C is close to 3+. The magnetic susceptibility... 

Nineteen valence electrons are available for the Nb6 framework. The magnetic susceptibility of NbJn, studied over the 5-863 K temperature range, suggests the presence of one and three unpaired electrons per cluster at low and high temperatures, respectively. 

In a serendipitous fashion, a novel mixed valence tetranuclear copper(II)/copper(III) dithiocarbamate [2]catenane was prepared in near quantitative yield by partial chemical oxidation of a preformed dinuclear copper(II) naphthyl dtc macrocycle (Scheme 6).49 X-ray structure, magnetic susceptibility, ESMS and electrochemical studies all support the tetranuclear catenane dication formulation. The combination of the lability of copper(II) dtc coordinate bonds and favourable copper(II) dtc-copper(III) dtc charge transfer stabilisation effects are responsible for the high yielding formation of the interlocked... 

We shall employ the adiabatic approximation that was shown to provide a rather good accuracy in the calculation of the magnetic susceptibility for the vibronic mixed valence systems exhibiting PJT in a wide range of parameters [9]. At the same time this approximation allows us to gain a descriptive comprehension of the physical role of the JT interaction. The full Hamiltonian of the system in the adiabatic approximation can be written as follows ... 

The electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and magnetization for YbTSb compounds (T = Cu, Ag, Au) were measured by Katoh et al. (1997) the results are presented in table 47 and fig. 47. Also, Flandorfer et al. (1997) classified the YbCuSb and YbAgSb compounds as temperature independent Pauli-type paramagnets whereas a small magnetic moment = 1/jb was observed for YbAuSb. From X-ray absorption spectroscopy at 10 and 300 K, Yb was determined to be dipositive with temperature independent valences for all compounds 2.06 for M = Ag, 2.08 for M = Cu and 2.14 for M = Au. 

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