Valence charge transfer

IVCT = inter valence charge-transfer LMCT = ligand-to-metal charge-transfer MLCT = metal-to-ligand charge-transfer MRI = magnetic resonance imaging... 

With this example of data from the dimetallofullerene Sc2 C84, the efficacy of combining x-ray absorption and charge-transfer atomic multiplet calculations in investigating the valency, charge transfer and cage-metal interaction of more complex, hybridised systems such as Sc2 C84 has been demonstrated. Based on the valence sensitivity of the measurement, we are confident in overruling... 

We conclude that slowly the insight in charge-transfer transitions is increasing, but that still much work has to be done to obtain a complete picture. In this the metal-to-metal (for example, BiaReOs, 57) and mixed-valence charge-transfer transitions should also find a place (58,59). 

In more elaborate studies, Kubiak and coworkers have established experimentally the existence of dynamic equilibrium mixtures containing charge-transfer isomers of mixed-valence ruthenium complexes within [ Ru3(p-0)-(p-CH3C00)6(12c1 0)(L ) ](p-BL)[ Ru3(p-0)(p-CH3C00)6( C 0)(L") ] by monitoring the v(CO) vibrations in the infrared (p-BL = unsymmetrical pyr-azine derivatives). The mixed-valence charge-transfer isomers differ in the... 

Valence charge-transfer indices were also defined to take into account the presence of heteroatoms in the molecule by using an —> augmented adjacency matrix A %) based on atomic electronegativities % [Torrens, 2003b] ... 

Valence, Charge Transfer, and Carrier Type for Related... 

When we have two metal ions in different oxidation states, we can have inter valence charge transfer. The interplay between Fe " and Ti" causes the blue in blue sapphire and blue kyanite but also makes dravite brown Mn " and Ti " combine to cause elbaite to be yellow. 

Titanium, in quantities sufficient for luminescence, has been found in the kyanite samples that were studied (Chadwick and Rossman 2009). It is agreed that the oxidation state of Ti in kyanite is 4+ and that the blue kyanite color comes from Fe -Ti inter-valence charge transfer (Platonov et al. 1998). Ti " " is not a generally stable oxidation state in terrestrial rocks (Waychunas 1987), however, instances of its occurrence are established, often due to the effects of naturally occurring ionizing radiation. 

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