Vacuum oxygen decarburization process

Ruhrstahl-Hausen (RH) and vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) are secondary steel-making processes to produce specialty steels. The process occurs vmder vacuum, which enables reduction of the carbon content to very low levels (<0.01%) without vmdesirable oxidation of chromium. Special inlet systems have been designed to sample from these variable pressure processes and still maintain a constant flow of sample gas into the ion source. 

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